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A.  CRUISE REPORT:  P01E
    (Last Update 2008 DEC)

A.1.  HIGHLIGHTS

                          CRUISE SUMMARY INFORMATION

              Section designation  P01E
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  18DD199905_1
    Chief Scientist & affiliation  Dr. Ron Perkin/IOS*
                            Dates  1999 MAY 31 - 1999 JUN 24
                             Ship  R/V John P Tully
                    Ports of call  Coast of Washington, USA to Victoria, B.C.
               Number of stations  56
                                               46°53.99'N
 Geographic boundaries (stations)  123°32.15'W            145°49.46'W
                                               48°31.91'N
     Floats and drifters deployed  0 
   Moorings deployed or recovered  1 Deployed, 2 recovered
             Contributing Authors  Elaine Baird/IOS     Janet Barwell-Clarke/IOS
                                   Michael Lipsen/UBC   A. Peña/IOS
                                   Ron Perkin/IOS       Melanie Quenneville/IOS
                                                        Cathleen Vestfalls/UBC

   *Dr. Ron G. Perkin • Institute of Ocean Sciences • Ocean Physics Division  
      P.O. Box 6000 9860 West Saanich Road • Sidney, B.C., V8L4B2 • CANADA 
       Tel: 2500-363-6584 • Fax: 2500-363-6390 • Email: perkin@ios.bc.ca





I. P1E PROJECT REPORT

1.  CRUISE/PROJECT NO.: 9910  
2.  DATES: May 31 to June 24, 1999
3.  PROJECT NAME: Line P
4.  AREA(S) OF OPERATION: Along 47N from the Washington State coast to 145 W
                          Line P(50N, 145W to 48 34N, 125 30W)
                          Juan de Fuca Strait to Victoria, B.C.
5.  PLATFORM: John P. Tully
6.  MASTER: Bill Noon
7.  DAYS ALLOCATED: 25
8.  DAYS AT SEA: 24
9.  DAYS LOST TO WEATHER: none
10. DAYS LOST TO OTHER CAUSES: 1 day for loading, 4 days for medical 
                               evacuation.
11. APPROPRIATENESS OF PLATFORM: very appropriate
12. SAFETY ISSUES: (attach narrative if required): 
    The ship's drainage system was temporarily blocked resulting in 
    drainage water welling up on the aft deck. The planned dilution of 
    radioactive wastes into the ships drainage system was therefore 
    disallowed due to safety concerns. To avoid problems, all radioactive 
    waste was saved in carboys and disposed over the side in accordance 
    with the permit. If, in future, the sink is to be used for dilution of 
    radioactive wastes, it should have a separate drainage pipe not 
    connected with the ships main drainage system. 
    
13. CRUISE/PROJECT RESULTS (SEE APPENDIX FOR DETAILS):
    Nutrient results were mixed between average and low values at the 
    various depths sampled and require detailed analysis. At some stations, 
    low nutrients and iron combined with high chlorophyll or zooplankton 
    levels suggesting that the spring bloom had recently come to an end. 
    
    DATA COLLECTED:
    
    Rosette/CTD casts for chemical sampling were completed at P4, P12, P16, 
    P20 and P26 and at 24 stations along 47 N latitude(Line P1E).  Onboard 
    chemical analyses included salinity, oxygen, nutrients, freons, 
    alkalinity, total CO2, chlorophyll, dimethyl sulfide, dissolved organic 
    nitrogen. The P1E data will be combined with concurrent Japanese data 
    along 47 N spanning the entire 
    Pacific Ocean.
    
    CTD/transmissometry survey was completed at 21 stations along Line P. 
    Primary productivity experiments were carried out at P26, P20, P16, P12 
    and P4. Iron sampling and analysis were completed at P4, P12, P16, P20 and 
    P26. Primary productivity, Rosette and CTD work was done inside and 
    outside the so-called Haida Eddy, 47 30N, 137 30W. 
    
    The P4 and P26 sediment trap moorings were recovered and the P4 mooring 
    was re-deployed. 

    A mooring to study the re-mineralization of nutrients was recovered at 
    P26. 

    Free drifting sediment traps were deployed for 2 days at P26.

    Underway measurements include PCO2, temperature, salinity and ADCP 
    profiles.

    Net tows for zoo plankton and phytoplankton along Line P were completed.


    Sixteen casts of CTD/transmissometry/fluometry/PAR casts were done the 
    Straits of Juan de Fuca to aid another DFO science program.

    A freon profile in Saanich Inlet was taken as part of an on-going 
    monitoring program.

    Halo-acetic acid was profiled at P20 and at the surface at major line P 
    stations. A barrel of particulate blank water was obtained at P19.

    Net tows were done at the ecological monitoring buoy in Saanich Inlet, off 
    Sombrio Point and off Sooke.

14. PRIMARY INSTITUTE: Institute of Ocean Sciences, DFO
15. ASSOCIATED INSTITUTES: UBC
16. CHIEF SCIENTIST/AFFILIATION: Ron Perkin, IOS (Ocean Sciences and 
                                 Productivity)    
17. SCIENCE STAFF/AFFILIATIONS:

    Ron Perkin        IOS     Janet Barwell-Clarke IOS
    Elaine Baird      IOS     Angelica Pena        IOS
    Vince Coronini    IOS     Nes Sutherland       IOS contract
    Marty Davelaar    IOS     Melanie Quenneville  IOS contract
    Wendy Richardson  IOS  
    Tim Soutar        IOS     Hugh Maclean         UBC
    Darren Tuele      IOS     Michael Lipsen       UBC
    Marie Robert      IOS     Cathleen Vestfalls   UBC
    Michael Arychuk   IOS     Michael Bentley      Bird survey

18. EQUIPMENT:

    SAIL: no  ADCP: yes   OTHER: sounder
    
    Winches:            .        
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    
     type          ID No  Wire type     Wire Condition/Spooling  No Casts/Depth max
     ------------  -----  ------------  -----------------------  ------------------
     329 CTD       1579   5350 m CTD    good                     70/4790
     329 CTD       1307   3000 m CTD    not used                 0
     310 hydro     1082   5400.m 5/32"  good                     70/1000 m
     331 work      1231   2500 m 1/2"   not used                 0
     329 work      1579   Bare drum     good                     5/mooring
     455 Spooling  1451   mooring       good                     5/mooring
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    
    
    Equipment Deployed/recovered
    _________________________________________________________

     Description                   Deployment  Recovery
     ----------------------------  ----------  -------------
     Free drifting traps, 1000 m   June 11     June 13
     Re-mineralization Mooring                 June 11
     Sediment Trap mooring at P26              June 12
     Sediment Trap Mooring at P4   June 22     June 22
     AR Mooring (UBC)                          not recovered
    _________________________________________________________
    

19. COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: 

    See "Safety Issues" regarding the lab sink drains.

    The salinometer should be installed in a room with good temperature 
    control in order to achieve the necessary precision for this instrument. 
    The WOCE manual(Report 68/91) shows that for the Guildline Autosal models, 
    each 1ºC change in room temperature results in an error of .001 in 
    salinity determinations. With so much traffic from the lab to the aft 
    deck, cold outside air frequently sends the lab temperature into wild 
    fluctuations and, although the Portasal may be somewhat less sensitive 
    than the Autosal, it cannot produce WOCE quality data in conditions like 
    that. This was demonstrated with the frequent re-standardizations 
    necessary on this Mission where the outside temperature was often more 
    than 10C colder than normal room temperature. 

    It should be cleared up as to who is now responsible for the maintenance 
    of the sounder equipment. The control panel for the depth sounder in the 
    lab has developed an intermittent fault in the menu selection joystick and 
    it should be fixed before it becomes a major problem. At present, the 
    depth sounder is needed to detect the proximity of the Rosette to the 
    bottom. On occasion, the heave compensator was reported to have lost 
    pressure between stations. However, the following cruise(Mission 99-16) 
    reported that there was no pressure loss. This is something that should be 
    monitored on subsequent missions.

    The science radios are gradually being replaced as money becomes 
    available. This process should be accelerated as a number of radio 
    failures were reported.



APPENDIX:  REPORTS FROM PARTICIPANTS

I. CRUISE NARRATIVE
   (Ron Perkin/IOS)

Departure day, June 1, was taken up largely by work in Saanich Inlet 
including two anchor installations, a net tow and a freon profile aided by 
Dave Wisegarver from PMEL in Seattle. After passing through the underway 
stations in the Straits of Juan de Fuca, the ship sailed directly to the 
Washington State end of the P1E line along 47N latitude. Intensive sampling 
to the bottom and on-board analysis proceeded to station P1E100 where the 
cruise took a brief detour to the center of the large eddy which IOS has been 
tracking for the last year. Primary productivity and chemical sampling of the 
eddy was done at the eddy core and, subsequently, outside the eddy at station 
P1E98. The P1E line was completed to station P1E92(longitude 145 48.5W) and 
the ship proceeded to Station Papa. 

At Station P, some of the mooring deployment and recovery was done on 
arrival, June 11, but worsening weather limited work to the hydro winch which 
is mounted amidships. This allowed the primary productivity and iron trace-
metal work to be done. A medical emergency limited time at station P to two 
days, however, a deep rosette cast was completed and the FDSTAR was recovered 
before returning to Cape Scott. Bad weather made dragging for the UBC mooring 
impossible and the re-deployment of the sediment trap mooring was put off 
until September.

The ship returned to the next major Line P station, P20, and, with good 
weather for the balance of the voyage, finished the remainder of the Line P 
work in good time.

The last day, June 24th, was spent as planned doing stations in the Strait of 
Juan de Fuca for the following mission ( 99-16:Strait of Georgia Survey) and 
the ship docked in Victoria at about 13:30.


SUMMARY

This was a rather busy cruise with a wide assortment of tasks and chores and 
the challenge of doing WOCE quality chemistry and physics with a minimum of 
preparation. Thanks are due to the UBC and bird-watching crew for assisting 
with watch keeping through the period of intensive sampling and analysis. 
Although some major objectives such as the dragging for the UBC mooring were 
regrettably not met, the amount of work accomplished was nevertheless quite 
satisfying.

Captain Noon and all the officers and crew have our heartfelt thanks for 
their competent and efficient seamanship and untiring efforts to make this 
cruise not only a success but an enjoyable experience. Their medical 
competence and concern shown for our ailing science crewmember was amply 
demonstrated and much appreciated. 



II. CTD/TRANSMISSIVITY
    (Ron Parkin/IOS)

A total of 56 CTD/Transmissivity profiles were taken at the following 
stations, many combined with chemical sampling. Eleven additional stations 
were occupied in the Strait of Juan de Fuca with fluorometer and PAR sensors, 
every third one with chemical sampling. Comparison with the previous P1 
cruise, Talley&Joyce(1985)(P96(1.2), showed good agreement(see below). 
Salinities are relative to P133(-1.4) and after cast 20, P134(-.9). 

________________________________________________________________________

 Station  Cast#    Date    Time (PDT)  Latitude  Longitude  Water Depth
 -------  -----  --------  ----------  --------  ---------  -----------
 SI03      2     01/06/99    18:54      48.594   -123.500       227
 P1E115    4     02/06/99    18:42      46.901   -124.994       777
 P1E114    5     02/06/99    21:30      47.003   -125.058       822
 PIE113    6     03/06/99    00:31      47.001   -125.509      1762
 PIE112    7     03/06/99    04:36      46.999   -126.001      2565
 PIE111    8     03/06/99    09:18      47.002   -126.469      2565
 P1E110    9     03/06/99    14:28      47.000   -127.201      2649
 P1E109   10     03/06/99    19:38      47.001   -127.923      2712
 P1E109   11     03/06/99    23:20      47.001   -127.922      2712
 P1E108   12     04/06/99    06:11      47.000   -128.646      2741
 P1E107   13     04/06/99    12:24      46.997   -129.385      2573
 P1E106   14     04/06/99    21:42      47.001   -130.018      2650
 P1E105   15     05/06/99    08:34      47.000   -131.231      2750
 P1E104   16     05/06/99    21:01      46.998   -132.366      3320
 P1E103   17     06/06/99    07:20      47.000   -133.463      3649
 P1E102   18     06/06/99    16:24      46.998   -134.612      3982
 P1E101   19     07/06/99    01:16      47.001   -135.735      4137
 P1E100   20     07/06/99    09:10      46.997   -136.849      4137
 ED1      21     07/06/99    13:53      47.249   -137.164      4121
 ED2      22     07/06/99    17:27      47.528   -137.460      4090
 ED2      23     07/06/99    18:25      47.532   -137.460      4090
 P1E99    24     31/12/79    17:00      46.997   -137.964      4166
 P1E98    25     08/06/99    08:52      47.001   -139.067      3527
 P1E98    26     08/06/99    09:27      47.000   -139.069      3917
 P1E97    27     08/06/99    17:19      46.999   -140.224      4325
 P1E96    28     09/06/99    00:54      47.001   -141.352      4403
 P1E95    29     09/06/99    08:21      47.001   -142.439      4494
 P1E94    30     09/06/99    15:48      46.997   -143.494      4597
 P1E94    31     09/06/99    23:59      46.999   -144.669      4683
 P1E92    32     10/06/99    07:55      46.996   -145.809      4783
 P26      33     11/06/99    19:47      50.000   -145.000      4200
 P26      34     13/06/99    08:35      49.999   -145.005      4200
 P20      35     17/06/99    12:59      49.566   -138.660      3968
 P20      36     17/06/99    14:31      49.568   -138.663      3968
 P19      38     18/06/99    13:02      49.498   -137.665      3968
 P18      39     18/06/99    18:12      49.431   -136.669      3841
 P17      40     18/06/99    23:22      49.349   -135.666      3661
 P16      42     19/06/99    07:09      49.271   -134.654      3661
 P16      43     19/06/99    09:16      49.273   -134.692      3661
 P15      44     19/06/99    23:57      49.199   -133.669      3422
 P14      45     20/06/99    05:09      49.123   -132.665      3332
 P13      46     20/06/99    10:27      49.042   -131.667      3035
 P12      47     20/06/99    16:56      48.971   -130.669      3027
 P12      49     21/06/99    06:35      48.972   -130.669      3251
 P11      50     21/06/99    11:16      48.931   -130.169      2770
 P10      51     21/06/99    14:23      48.892   -129.666      2659
 P9       52     21/06/99    17:32      48.857   -129.167      2357
 P8       53     21/06/99    20:42      48.816   -128.668      2537
 P7       54     21/06/99    23:44      48.776   -128.170      2524
 P6       55     22/06/99    02:55      48.743   -127.665      2562
 P5       56     22/06/99    05:53      48.691   -127.165      2105
 P4       57     22/06/99    12:55      48.650   -126.670      1342
 P4       58     22/06/99    14:36      48.650   -126.668      1342
 P2        0     23/06/99    09:11      48.599   -125.997       118
 P1       62     23/06/99    11:29      48.572   -125.499       135
 103      63     23/06/99    17:29      48.550   -124.717       124
________________________________________________________________________



III. CRUISE REPORT 9910 
     (Janet Barwell-Clarke and Elaine Baird)

Nutrient and chlorophyll samples were analyzed along Line P1E, Line P and the 
first two stations of Cruise 9916.  Silicate, nitrate and phosphate were 
analyzed for all samples. No ammonia samples were analyzed due to a 
colourimeter failure.  Loop っSamples were analyzed for nutrients, 
chlorophyll, and salinity along Line P1E, underway to Stn.P 26, underway to 
Port Hardy and back to Stn. P20, and along Line P. 

A free drifting sediment trap array was deployed for two days to 1000 m at 
Stn. Papa. The samples were split, filtered and frozen for future C/N, Opal 
and Trace Metal analysis. An in situ productivity experiment was conducted at 
Stn. Papa to 100 m using GOFLO samplers.  The samples were filtered, frozen 
and will be analyzed at IOS.  POC/N samples were collected at the same depths 
and frozen for analysis at IOS.  Poor weather prevented collection of deep 
POC samples.

Sequential sediment traps were recovered at P26 and P04. Many of the P26- 200 
m trap samples were filled with copepods and pteropods and smelled extremely 
foul.  The amount of preservative should be increased for the next 
deployment.  The P26-1000 m trap contained a complete set of samples, however 
the P26-3800 m trap was plugged after only two samples.  It was suspected 
that this would be the case because the remineralization trap (deployed at 
the same time) was also plugged by September.  The P04 trap was recovered 
with a full set of samples with the trap and bottles themselves covered with 
a fine hair-like growth of algae.

A remineralization experiment buoy was recovered at Stn. P26 and will be 
analyzed for POC/N, CaCO3, and Opal.

TCO2 and alkalinity samples were collected  and analyzed along Line P1E and 
Line P. 13C samples were collected for analysis at IOS.

Hydro and Loop data files were generated as well as WOCE -SEA and -SUM files.



IV. PRODUCTIVITY EXPERIMENTS
    (Lipsen, Vestfals and Quenneville/IOS and UBC)

LINE P MONITORING

As a continuation of our work in 1998, the principal focus along line P was 
to measure ^(14)C incorporation into organic and inorganic particulate 
carbon. Size fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations were also measured at 
the 6 depths of the productivity samples as well as biogenic silica. P v I 
curves were also generated from each major station at 55% light depth. 
Samples were collected at all major stations. 

Again as a continuation of last years cruise work, we took samples from all 
major P stations for epifluorescence microscopy, inverted microscopy and 
scanning electron microscopy in order to enumerate the principal producers of 
organic and inorganic particulate carbon. Phytoplankton net (30 mm mesh) 
samples were taken from line P stations at the 1% light level as well as 150 
m. Samples were preserved immediately for qualitative analysis. Initial 
examination will focus on the larger phytoplankton species with an emphasis 
on diatoms. An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of iron and 
light limitation of phytoplankton at station P26. Water from station P26 was 
collected using a teflon pump, supplemented with iron and incubated at 
various light intensities in the deck mounted incubators, together with 
appropriate non-supplemented controls.    These were incubated for over 1 
week and samples taken for chlorophyll, species composition, primary 
productivity, nutrients and dissolved iron.

ISOTOPE INVENTORY

5 µCi of ^(14)C bicarbonate were taken on board. The whole quantity was used 
in experiments. Low level liquid waste was diluted and disposed over the side 
following set protocols. No ^(14)C will be returned to shore with the 
exception of low level solid waste and filter material.

One µCi of (32)Si was brought on board. 0.91 µCi was used in experiments. 
Liquid and low level solid waste will be dealt with as above. The remaining 
0.09 µCi will be transported back to UBC packed in an appropriate container.  



V. LINE P
   (A. Peña/IOS)

Field experiments were initiated as part of a study of processes regulating 
the variability of primary production and of carbon fluxes along Line P 
transect. The main focus was at Station P26 and P4; the two-end members of 
Line P transect, where experiments were conducted to examine the influence of 
light intensity on changes in phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll ratios. 
Water was collected using 10L GOFLO bottles at two depths (55% and 3.5% light 
depth) and diluted with filtered sea water from same depth. One set of 
samples was inoculated with ^(14)C. All samples were incubated at 6 light 
intensities in on-deck incubators. Also, chlorophyll and phytoplankton 
samples for microscopic analyses (epifluorescence and inverted microscope) 
were obtained from 6 depths for determination of species composition and 
carbon content.

In all major P stations, samples were collected at 2 depths (55 and 3.5% 
light depth) for photosynthesis vs. irradiance measurements and chlorophyll 
concentration. 



VI. EDDY SITE
    (A. Peña/IOS)

With M. Quenneville (IOS), primary production was measured at 6 depths at two 
stations, one outside and one at the center of an eddy in an attempt to 
document potential enhancement of primary production by eddies.



VII. ISOTOPE INVENTORY
     (A. Peña/IOS)

10 µCi of ^(14)C bicarbonate was brought on board. 6 µCi were used in the 
above experiments and 3 µCi in size fractionated primary production work of 
UBC/ IOS. The remaining 1 mCi was transported back to IOS. Low level liquid 
waste was diluted and disposed over the side following set protocols. Only 
^(14)C in low level solid waste and filter material was returned to shore.




CCHDO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

Date        Contact      Data Type     Action
----------  -----------  ------------  ------------------------------------
2004-04-10  Talley       SUM           Submitted
            Danie - Masao Fukasawa sent me a CDROM with the P1 occupation 
            from 1999. Here is a list of the cruises that make up the 
            section, which they called SAGE. (Part of the Subarctic Gyre 
            Experiment.)

            p1e - stations 92-115 R/V John Tully 6/2/99-6/10/99
            p1c - stations 4-92 R/V Mirai 8/25/99 - 9/8/99
            p1w - stations 1-74 R/V Kaiyo-Maru 5/23/99 - 6/11/99
            p1h - stations 4-13 R/V Mirai 9/30/99 - 10/2/99

            The files are called things like p1wsum.txt, p1csum.txt, 
            p1esum.txt, p1hsum.txt

            I don't have the data sets other than the sum files on my 
            computer, but will look for the CDROM when I get in. I gather 
            then that they weren't sent to the WHPO. 

2006-11-02  Johnson, G.  CTD/BTL/SUM   available on JAMESTEC website
            I note that P01 data are now in the public domain (see 
            http://www.jamstec.go.jp/iorgc/ocorp/data/p01rev_1999/index.html), 
            but are listed on the CCHDO site as with the PI (see 
            http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/tables/onetime/1tim_pac.htm#P01). 
            Would it be possible for these data to be served publicly on the 
            CCHDO site now? 

2006-11-06  Kappa        CTD/BTL/SUM   Website Updated
            Justin was able to get all the p01_1999 data online this morning. 
            Based on our time stamps, it looks like all the ctd files have 
            been worked by our data specialists. 2 of the hyd files have time 
            stamps, 2 don't. We'll be looking at them more closely in the 
            next couple weeks and will let you know if we find any anomalies. 
