
preliminary data report
may 4, 1995
A. 	Cruise Narrative

A.1. 	Highlights

A.1.a	WOCE Designation:    	AR7W
A.1.b	EXPOCODE		18HU92014/1
A.1.c	Chief Scientist		John R.N. Lazier
				Bedford Institute of Oceanography
				Box 1006
				Dartmouth, Nova Scotia 
				Canada  B2y-4a2
				Phone: 902-426-2558
				Telefax: 902-426-7827
				Internet: J_lazier@bionet.bio.dfo.ca

A.1.d	Ship:                  C.S.S. Hudson
A.1.e	Ports of call:         St. John's Nfld. to Halifax N.S. 
A.1.f	Dates:                 May 27 to June 14, 1992.

A.2. 	Cruise Summary 

A.2.a	Geographic Boundaries
A.2.b	Total number of stations

Station Numbers 34 to 45 are on the WOCE AR7/W line while 1 to 33 are part of 
a survey of the northern branch of the North Atlantic Current. Stations 45, 51 
and 52 are detailed (40 bottle) rosette casts and numbers 45 to 50 comprise a 
small scale survey without rosette samples.  

The Seabird CTD acquired temperature, salinity and oxygen profiles. Rosette 
water samples were analysed for salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFC-11, CFC-12, 
CFC-113, total carbonate, alkalinity and halocarbons. No floats or moorings 
were set. 

A.2.c	Floats and drifters deployed
A.2.d	Moorings deployed or recovered

A.3 	Principal Investigators 

Table 1: Principal Investigators
	 
Name                   Responsibility        Affiliation
-----------------------------------------------------------------
John Lazier		CTD, salinity		BIO
Peter Jones 		CFC, O2, alkalinity,	BIO
			CO2, nutrients
Katarina Abrahamsson 	Halocarbons		U. of Goeteborg
Brenda Ekwurzel		Tritium, Helium		LDEO
(Peter Schlosser)
----------------------------------------------------------------


Table 2: list of Institutions
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviation			Name
-----------------------------------------------------------------
BIO				Bedford Institute of Oceanography
				Box 1006
				Dartmouth, Nova Scotia 
				Canada  B2y-4a2

BDR				BDR Research
				P.O Box 652, Station M
				Halifax, Nova Scotia
				B3j-2T3  Canada

OSU				College of Oceanography
				Oregon State University
				Corvallis, OR
				97331-5503

LDEO				Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
				Columbia University
				Palisades, NY
				10964	USA


A.4	Scientific Programme and Methods


Two sampling programs were included on the cruise; a survey of the region 
northeast of Flemish Cap (stations 1 to 33) and the WOCE AR7/W line across 
the Labrador Sea (stations 34 to 45). The ship sailed from St. John's 
Newfoundland as scheduled on May 27 and arrived at station 1, on Flemish Cap, 
approximately 24 hours later. At this station all 20 rosette bottles were 
tripped at the same depth to test the analytical procedures and to check the 
rosette sampling bottles for leaks. 

Throughout the cruise a Seabird CTD system was used with 8 litre PVC sampling 
bottles and a General Oceanics rosette. The frame carrying these items and the 
sampling bottles were designed at BIO by J. Desserault. 

The cold upper water at stations 1 to 3 over Flemish Cap is derived 
from the cold southward flowing Labrador Current. In the first two sections 
(stations 1 to 15) the edge of the North Atlantic Current is revealed by the 
upper layer temperatures above 10 deg. C. The third section seems to be free 
of this warm current except for small patches at stations 20 and 21 in the 
top 200 db. This result is interesting because a well defined branch of the 
North Atlantic Current has often been observed, in float trajectories, to 
flow north past Flemish Cap over the 4000 m isobath toward the north. The 
current suddenly turns from north to east at 51 deg N in what L.V. Worthington 
called the Northwest Corner. At other times however this well defined flow 
does not seem to be present. Our section appears to have been obtained at one 
of these latter periods. 

All the sections show, between 1000 and 2500 db, a minimum in the vertical 
gradient between 3.0 and 3.2 ×C. This marks the Labrador Sea water renewed in 
the central Labrador Sea via convection to 2000 m. The higher gradient below 
this layer marks the North Atlantic Deep Water and at the bottom the Denmark 
Strait Overflow Water. 

The temperature along the Labrador Sea AR7/W line (stations 34 to 45) 
shows the 5 features typical of such sections. Over the shelf is the sub-zero 
water brought south by the Labrador Current and over the shelf break is a 
strong horizontal gradient marking the main branch of this current. To seaward 
of the current in the upper 1800 m is a layer of low vertical gradient which is
the centre of the formation region of the Labrador Sea Water. Below this lies 
the North Atlantic Deep Water and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water at the 
bottom.Plots of temperature and salinity were done through the low gradient layer. 
An interesting feature of these is the temperature minimum < 2.8 C between 1200 
and 1800 m. This feature is characteristic of recent convection which disappears 
if convection does not occur for a few winters. 
 

A.5 	Major Problems and Goals not Achieved 

The only insurmountable problem was the fact that we did not receive 
permission to work within Greenland's 370 km economic zone. We were therefore 
not able to complete the eastward half of the WOCE AR7/W line. 


A.6. Cruise Participants

Name			Responsibility			Affiliation

Abrahamsson, Katarina	Halocarbons           		Univ. of Goeteborg
Bellefontaine, Larry	CTD watchkeeper             	BIO
Carson, Bruce    	CTD tech/watchkeeper/salts  	BIO  
Clement, Pierre  	Nutrients                   	BIO
Dunphy, Paul     	Computers/software          	BIO
Ekdahl, Anja     	Halocarbons                 	BIO
Ekwurzel, Brenda 	Tritium-Helium        		Univ. of Goeteborg
Gershey, Robert  	CFC, Alk., Carb.       		BDR Res. (BIO)
Hayden, Helen    	Computer watchkeeper        	BIO
Hingston, Michael	CFC, Alk., Carb.       		BDR Res. (BIO)
Jones, Peter     	Co-chief scientist          	BIO
Jordan, Francis  	CTD watchkeeper             	BIO
Lazier, John     	Chief scientist             	BIO
Pierce, David    	Computer watchkeeper   		U of W, Seattle
Smith, Marion    	Computer watchkeeper        	BIO
Tcitcarin, Andrey	Oxygens                		SOI, Moscow
Yashayaev, Igor  	Data processing        		SOI, Moscow
Zemlyak, Frank   	CFC, Alk., Carb.            	BIO

			
B.	Underway Measurements

B.1.	Navigation and bathymetry
B.2	Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
B.3	Thermosalinograph and underway dissolved oxygen, florometer etc.
B.4	XBT and XCTD
B.5	Meteorological observations
B.6	Atmospheric chemistry

C.	Hydrographic Measurements-Descriptions, Techniques and Calibrations

C.1.	CTD

The arrangement of CTD components used throughout the cruise are tabulated 
below.  

			   ARRANGEMENTS OF CTD COMPONENTS

Item/Variable  Serial Nos.        Stations       Dates 
----------------------------------------------------------------                                                                
Sea Unit       9P5676-0248          1-11       May 28-30
Sea Unit       9P5676-0249          12-52      May 31-June 11
Deck Unit      11P5676-0242         1-52       May 28-June 11
Deck Unit      11P5676-0243         spare      
Temp sensor    SBE3-02F # 031247    1-52       May 28-June 11
Cond sensor    SBE4-02/0 #040954    1-52       May 28-June 11
Pres sensor    410K-105 #48361      1-52       May 28-June 11
Oxy sensor     SBE13-02 #130265     1-6        May 28-May 29
Oxy sensor     SBE13-02 #130267     7-15       May 29-June 1
Oxy sensor     SBE13-02 #130266     17-52      June 1-June 11
-------------------------------------------------------------------

The pre-cruise calibration of the temperature, conductivity and pressure 
sensors was done at the BIO standards lab between April 7 and 15, 1992. 
Between -2 and +10 deg. C the temperature sensor agreed with the PRT standard 
to within +/- 0.001 deg. C. The salinity derived from the conductivity sensor 
agreed with determinations by the Guildline Autosal salinometer using Standard 
Seawater batch P112 to less than .002. Over the pressure range of 0-5000 db the
difference between the Paroscientific pressure transducer and the standard 
pressure balance were less than 1 db. During the cruise 730 salinity samples 
collected from the rosette casts were analysed on a Guildline Autosal 
salinometer with standard seawater batch P117. Due to cracked tops on some 
salinity sample bottles, partially filled bottles, miss-trips of rosette 
bottles and other assorted problems the absolute value of 52 of these 
comparisons are greater than 0.02. The histogram of the remaining 93% in 
shows a near normal distribution with a slight bias to higher values. 
The average and standard deviation of these 678 differences is 0.0045+/-0.005. 
No evidence was found to indicate a pressure dependence or a drift in time. 

Temperature measurements were also obtained on each CTD cast using 5 electronic
reversing thermometers. Three were placed on the first or bottom rosette 
bottle and two on the third rosette bottle. The average differences between 
thermometers on the same bottle are less than 0.002 deg C but the comparisons 
with the CTD are not as good. This is mainly because the thermometer racks 
often got hung up when the rosette bottles were tripped. Of the 69 comparisons
between the reversing thermometers (averaged for each thermometer rack) and the
CTD only 37 were within the range +/- 0.02. The average and standard deviation 
of these is -.008+/-.006. Because of the large standard deviation of these 
results any correction to the CTD data will await the post cruise calibration. 

The calibration of the CTD oxygen data will be done after the cruise via 
comparisons with the oxygen determinations from the rosette bottles. 
                 
The CTD data was acquired using a SeaBird 911/Plus instrument. Data collection 
was controlled using a 33 MHz 80486DX based microcomputer with a 120 Mb hard 
disk and a SuperVGA color monitor. The data was analysed using SeaBird's 
SeaSoft suite of programs. Since we had a rather modest amount of PC disk 
storage, the data was transferred to a MicroVAX II over EtherNet soon after 
collection.  The MicroVax was equipped with 1.8 Gb of disk storage and 13 Mb 
memory.  The operating system was VMS 4.6.  Since this was our first major 
cruise with the SeaBird software, we re-processed the raw CTD data on the 
MicroVAX II.  We used the PIPE software package developed at the Bedford 
Institute of Oceanography.  The PIPE analysis package, developed by John 
O'Neill et al., has been our standard processing software for CTD data for a 
number of years.  Results from the PC based SeaBird software and PIPE compared 
well.
	
Order of Drawing Samples

The order of drawing samples from the rosette sampling bottles was first for 
chlorofluorocarbons followed by helium-tritium and oxygen, then total 
carbonate, total alkalinity, halocarbons, nutrients, salinity, tritium. 

Salinity

The salinity of the rosette water samples was determined with the Guildline 
Autosal salinometer Model 8400 serial number 39870. Sixty-four vials of 
standard sea water batch P117 were used for the 817 determinations for a ratio 
of about 12 determinations per vial. The drift of the machine between 
standardizations was never more than 1 part in 20000 or 0.005%. No duplicate 
samples were obtained.   

Nutrient Measurements

Samples were analyzed for silicate, phosphate, and total nitrate (nitrate plus 
nitrite) using an AutoAnalyzer-II with minor changes to their technique.  Was 
water was 33 ppt (w/v) NaCl and no salt correction was made.

Samples were collected in duplicate from the rosette bottles into30 mL high 
density polyethylene screw-capped bottles.  These were refrigerated until 
analysis, typically within 12 hours of collection.  The water samples were 
transferred to 7 mL cups for analysis with the AutoAnalyzer.

Five mixed standards were run at the beginning and end of each run, with 
"check standards" interspersed every sixteen sample cups. Each batch of mixed 
standards are tested against Sagami CSK standards for nitrate and silicate 
before use.  Precision was determined by the variance of the samples drawn from
the same rosette bottle.  The precisions were about 0.17% for silicate, 0.52% 
for phosphate, and 0.14% for total nitrate.

CFC Measurements

Analyses for Freon-11, Freon-12, Freon-113, and carbon tetrachloride were 
performed on all sample depths for about 75% of the stations.  The number of 
analyses was constrained by analysis times which allow the analysis of up to 
fifty samples per day. Analyses were performed using an electron-capture gas 
chromatograph as part of an analytical system and procedure developed at the 
Bedford Institute of Oceanography.  

CFC samples were the first drawn from the rosette bottle when it came on deck.
Samples were collected with 100 mL glass syringes and stored under running 
seawater in a holding bath on deck until analysis, typically within 12 hours 
of collection.  Blanks, air samples and standards were run at least once for 
each station.  On stations with more than 20 sampling depths, blanks and 
standards were run an extra time.  Blanks were run each time the drying trap 
was changed.  The drying trap was changed after each station and also when a 
water peak showed up during a run.  The precisions of the measurements were 
about 5% for Freon-12, 2.5% for Freon-113, and 2% for Freon-11 and carbon 
tetrachloride.

Contamination with Freon-12 was evident in samples from two or three stations 
after refrigeration systems on Hudson had been inspected and recharged.  It is 
suspected that Freon-12 was adsorbed in the rosette bottles.  The 
contamination dissipated after two days.  Occasional contamination of Freon-113
was found.

Total Carbonate and Total Alkalinity Measurements

Total carbonate and total alkalinity samples were collected on about half of 
the stations.  The number of samples collected in both cases was limited by the
time available to perform the analyses.  Duplicate samples for both total 
carbonate and total alkalinity analyses were typically collected from one 
rosette bottle on each cast.  Samples were collected in 250 mL bottles, stored 
in a cooling bath, and analyzed typically within 12 hours ofcollection.  Total 
carbonate samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride immediately after 
collection.  

Total carbonate samples were analyzed with a coulometric technique using a URI 
Somma extraction system.  Total alkalinity was determined by potentiometric 
titration using an automated system developed at the Bedford Institute of 
Oceanography.  The precisions obtained were about 0.06% for total carbonate 
and about 0.15% for total alkalinity.

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen measurements were performed at all depths for all stations on 
this cruise.  At least two duplicate samples were taken from each cast.  
Samples were analyzed by a modified Winkler technique using an automated 
procedure developed at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography.  The precision 
obtained on duplicate samples when obvious outliers were removed was about 
0.25%.

Helium-Tritium

Samples for tritium and helium were collected at all sample depths for every 
station (except Station 42) along the WOCE AR7/W line. Helium samples were 
drawn after CFC samples.  Water samples were stored in pinched-off copper 
tubes (~40 cm3) for measurement of helium isotopes.  After all other samples 
were drawn from the rosette bottles, samples were drawn in 1 L glass bottles 
for tritium analysis.

Analyses will be performed at the Helium Isotope Laboratory of Lamont-Doherty 
Geological Observatory under the direction of Dr. Peter Schlosser.  The water 
samples will be de-gassed in a vacuum extraction system and, after separating 
other gasses, the helium isotopes will be measured in a dedicated mass 
spectrometer. tritium will be measured using the He- ingrowth method.  The 
precision of the 3He/4He measurement is about 1% or better.

Biogenic Halocarbons

Samples were collected for the measurement of a number of brominated and 
iodated volatile hydrocarbons1 in the top 1000 m and near the bottom on almost 
every station.  The samples were collected in 100 mL glass bottles and analyzed
typically within a few hours of collection.  The analyses were performed 
following procedures developed at the Department of Analytical and Marine 
Chemistry at the University of G–teborg, Sweden.  The hydrocarbons were 
extracted with 1 mL of specially purified pentane, then analyzed with 
capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection.

The samples were drawn 30 to 60 minutes after the rosette was on deck.  Checks 
for contaminants were made continuously throughout the cruise.  The pentane 
was checked frequently (blanks). Contamination from the rosette bottles was 
checked by drawing additional samples up to several hours after initial 
sampling.  The presence of perchloroethylene severely influenced the 
determination of dibromochloromethane.  Losses due to time elapsed in the 
rosette bottles were noted, especially for tribromomethane.

1 Dibromomethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, tribromomethane,
1-iodopropane, 2-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 2-iodobutane, chloroiodomethane, 
diiodomethane

D.	Acknowledgements

E.	References

Unesco, 1983. International Oceanographic tables. Unesco Technical Papers in 
Marine Science, No. 44.

Unesco, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991. By JPOTS
editorial panel.


F.	WHPO Summary


Several data files are associated with this report.  They are the hu9214.sum, 
hu9214.hyd, hu9214.csl and *.wct files.  The hu9214.sum file contains a summary of
the location, time, type of parameters sampled, and other pertient
information regarding each hydrographic station.  The hu9214.hyd file contains the
bottle data. The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station.  The *.wct 
files are zipped into one file called hu9214.wct.zip. The hu9214.csl file is a listing
of ctd and calculated values at standard levels.

The following is a description of how the standard levels and
calculated values were derived for the hu9214.csl file:

Salinity, Temperature and Pressure:  These three values were smoothed
from the individual CTD files over the N uniformly increasing
pressure levels using the following binomial filter-

	t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1

When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not
contained within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated
to the desired level after applying the binomial filtering.   

Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4:
KG/M3): These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale
(PSS-78) and the international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80)
as described in the Unesco publication 44 at reference pressures of the
surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4.

Gradient Potential Temperature (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the
least squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the
center of the interval.  The interval being the smallest of the two
differences between the standard level and the two closest values.
The slope is first determined using CTD temperature and then the
adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the gradient potential
temperature.  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Gradient Salinity (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares
slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the
standard level and the two closes values.  Equations and Fortran
routines are described in Unesco publication 44.

Potential Vorticity (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical
component ignoring contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e.
pv=fN2/g, where f is the coriolius parameter, N is the bouyancy
frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), and g is the local
acceleration of gravity. 

Bouyancy Frequency (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic
leveling method, Fofonoff (1985) and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff
(1990).  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Potential Energy (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are
calculated by integrating from 0 to the level of interest.  Equations and 
Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication, Processing of 
Oceanographic station data.

Neutral Density (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N
(Jackett and McDougall) version 1.3 Nov. 94.  

G.	Data Quality Evaulation

DQE of CTD data for the 92014/1 1992 cruise of the r/v "Hudson",
WOCE section A7W in the Northern Atlantic.
 
Eugene Morozov

Data quality of 1-db CTD temperature and salinity profiles and 
reference rosette samples were examined.  Vertical distributions
and theta-salinity curves were compared for individual stations using 
the data of up and down CTD casts and rosette probes.  Data of several 
neighboring stations were compared.  The data were compared with the 
90/12 cruise of the r/v "Dawson" carried out in the same region.

It is a pity but very often bad salinities are measured from
water samples taken with the same bottles.  I give the numbers of
repeated bad probes taken with the same botles.

Questionable data in *.hy2 file were marked in QUALT2 word.
   
The CTD oxygen data were flagged not calibrated by originators. 
CTDOXY data should be calibrated. No bottle OXYGEN data is yet
available.

Listing of results from the comparison of salinity data.  Only those
stations and pressures are listed which have data remarks.
Data quality evaluation was made only for the data that  are concerned 
with  the WOCE AR7W section.

Stat.  Pressure                  Remarks                                    
 
36     402 db  SALNTY is  low 34.813 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.828 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.823,
                                    bottle OC4,                  flag 4.
                                                                
37    1611 db  SALNTY is  low 34.843 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.850 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.852, 
                                                                 flag 4.  
                                                                
38    1614 db  SALNTY is high 34.921 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.913 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.912,
                                                                 flag 4.

39      55 db  SALNTY is high 34.815 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.796 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.792, 
                                                                 flag 4.  
                                                                
      2183 db  SALNTY is  low 34.907 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.916 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.916,
                                        bottle OC4,              flag 4.

      2772 db  SALNTY is  low 34.891 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.900 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.901, 
                                        bottle OC27,             flag 4.
                                                                
      2961 db  SALNTY is  low 34.888 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.892 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.892,
                                        bottle OC3,              flag 4.

40    2395 db  SALNTY is  low 34.908 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.914.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.915,
                                        bottle OC4,              flag 4.
                                                                
      2807 db  SALNTY is high 34.912 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.906 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.907,
                                                                 flag 4.

      2999 db  SALNTY is high 34.906 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.893 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.893,
                                        bottle OC27,             flag 4.

      3159 db  SALNTY is high 34.892 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.887 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.887,
                                        bottle OC3,              flag 4.

41     605 db  SALNTY is high 34.842 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.833.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.834,
                                                                 flag 4.
                                                                
      3035 db  SALNTY is high 34.925 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.913 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.913,
                                        bottle OC11,             flag 4.

      3202 db  SALNTY is high 34.913 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.895 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.895,
                                        bottle OC27,             flag 4.

      3370 db  SALNTY is  low 34.879 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.883 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.884,
                                        bottle OC3,              flag 4.

42     811 db  SALNTY is  low 34.823 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.834.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.832,
                                                                 flag 4.
                                                                
      2195 db  SALNTY is  low 34.846 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.865 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.870,
                                                                 flag 4.

      2597 db  SALNTY is  low 34.914 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.920 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.921,
                                                                 flag 4.

      3215 db  SALNTY is high 34.915 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.904 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.904,
                                        bottle OC11,             flag 4.

      3365 db  SALNTY is high 34.905 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.892 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.892,
                                        bottle OC27,             flag 4.

43       6 db  SALNTY is high 34.819 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.785.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.791,
        where did you get so much salt added to the sample, the level
        is only 6 meters, or you did not flush the salinometer?, flag 4.
                                                                
       106 db  SALNTY is high 34.839 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.819 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.819,
                                                                 flag 4.

      1006 db  SALNTY is  low 34.841 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.832 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.834,
                                                                 flag 4.

      2016 db  SALNTY is high 34.860 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.841 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.844,
                                     bottle OC18,                flag 4.

      2424 db  SALNTY is high 34.919 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.909 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.910,
                                                                 flag 4.

      3240 db  SALNTY is  low 34.888 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.905 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.906,
                                     bottle OC11,                flag 4.

44    2819 db  SALNTY is  low 34.919 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.926.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.925,
                                                                 flag 4.
      Originators flag this bottle 3-leaking, but they flag SALNITY 2.
                                                                                                                                      
      3026 db  SALNTY is high 34.923 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.917 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.918,
                                                                 flag 4.

      3234 db  SALNTY is high 34.918 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.911 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.911,
                                     bottle OC11,                flag 4.

      3436 db  SALNTY is high 34.911 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.891 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.891,
                                     bottle OC27,                flag 4.

      3580 db  SALNTY is  low 34.858 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.887 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.887,
                                     bottle OC3,                 flag 4.

     There is a cold freshwater layer between 2463 and 2607 db, measured
     by CTD and not supported by bottles.  The densities are close to
     unstable, nevertheless I consider it real.  It must be a small
     horizontal scale feature, because bottles were fired away from it.

45    2216 db  SALNTY is  low 34.845 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.856.
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.851,
                                                                 flag 4.
                                                                
      2315 db  SALNTY is  low 34.856 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.887 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.893,
                                                                 flag 4.

      2917 db  SALNTY is  low 34.907 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.921 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.921,
                                     bottle OC18,               flag 4.

      3329 db  SALNTY is  low 34.867 compared with upcast CTDSAL 34.899 
                                             and downcast CTDSAL 34.900,
                                                                 flag 4.

