CRUISE REPORT: I09S
(Updated MAR 2015)







Highlights

                             Cruise Summary Information

               Section Designation  I09S
Expedition designation (ExpoCodes)  09AR20120105 (AKA: AU1203, 09AR1203/1)
                  Chief Scientists  Steve Rintoul
                             Dates  2012 JAN 05 - 2012 FEB 12 .
                              Ship  RSV Aurora Australis
                     Ports of call  Hobart, Tas - Freemantle, Aus.

                                                  34° 27.43' S
             Geographic Boundaries  112° 53.69' E              147° 01.52' E
                                                  67° 13.32' S

                          Stations  95
      Floats and drifters deployed  0
    Moorings deployed or recovered  5 recovered

                                Contact Information:

                                    Steve Rintoul
                             CSIRO Marine Laboratories
      P.O. Box 1538 • Castray Esplanade • Hobart, Tasmania • 07001 • AUSTRALIA
       Tel: 61-02-32-5393 • Fax: 61-02-32-5123 • Email: Steve.rintoul@csiro.au





















             Aurora Australis Marine Science Cruise AU1203
            - Oceanographic Field Measurements and Analysis

    MARK ROSENBERG (ACE CRC, Hobart) and STEVE RINTOUL (CSIRO CMAR)

                             November, 2012



1 INTRODUCTION

Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard Aurora Australis 
cruise au1203, voyage 3 2011/2012, from 5th January to 12th February 
2012. The cruise commenced with work around the former Mertz Glacier 
ice tongue, followed by a south to north occupation of the CLIVAR/WOCE 
meridional section I9S (Figure 1). Five oceanographic moorings were 
recovered from the southern end of I9S. Some bottom imaging camera work 
was conducted during the Antarctic phase, as part of the ongoing 
CEAMARC biological program. This report discusses the oceanographic 
data from CTD operations on the cruise.

The primary project was a reoccupation of the I9S transect, previously 
occupied by the RV Knorr in 1995 (P.I. Mike McCartney, WHOI), and by 
the Aurora Australis in 2004/05 (Rosenberg et al., unpublished). The 
primary oceanographic aims of this project are:

* to measure changes in water mass properties and inventories 
  throughout the full ocean depth between Australia and Antarctica 
  along 115E;

* to estimate the transport of mass, heat and other properties south of 
  Australia, and to compare the results to previous occupations of the 
  I9S line and other sections in the Australian sector;

* to identify mechanisms responsible for variability in ocean climate 
  south of Australia;

* to use repeat measurements to assess the skill of ocean and coupled 
  models.

The recovered moorings were deployed two years previously as part of a 
joint US/Australian project to measure westward recirculation in the 
subpolar gyre of the southeastern Indian Ocean. Mooring data are to be 
processed by WHOI, and are not discussed further in this report.

The third oceanographic project was opportunistic, taking CTD 
measurements in the region formerly occupied by the Mertz glacier 
tongue (Rosenberg and Rintoul, unpublished). Note that CTD station 2 
was at the site occupied by Sir Douglas Mawson in 1911.

A total of 95 CTD vertical profile stations were taken on the cruise, 
most to within 15 metres of the bottom (Table 1). Over 1500 Niskin 
bottle water samples were collected for the measurement (Table 2) of 
salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite and 
silicate), dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e. TCO2), alkalinity, pH, 
barium (dissolved), and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle 
rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP 
attached to the CTD package, while upper water column current profile 
data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. Meteorological and water 
property data were collected by the array of ship's underway sensors. 
An array of 5 current meter moorings was recovered from the Antarctic 
continental slope at the south end of the I9S transect.

This report describes the processing/calibration of the CTD data, and 
details the data quality. Underway sea surface temperature and salinity 
data are compared to near surface CTD data. CTD station positions are 
shown in Figure 1, while CTD station information is summarised in Table 
1. Argo float deployments are summarised in Table 13. Further cruise 
itinerary/summary details can be found in the voyage leader report 
(Australian Antarctic Division unpublished report: Rintoul, Voyage 3, 
2011- 2012, RSV Aurora Australis, Voyage Leader’s report).

 

2 CTD INSTRUMENTATION

SeaBird SBE9plus CTD serial 704, with dual temperature and conductivity 
sensors and a single SBE43 dissolved oxygen sensor (serial 0178, on the 
primary sensor pump line), was used, mounted on a SeaBird 24 bottle 
rosette frame, together with a SBE32 24 position pylon and up to 22 x 
10 litre General Oceanics Niskin bottles. The following additional 
sensors/instruments were mounted:

* Wetlabs ECO-AFL/FL fluorometer serial 296

* Biospherical Instruments PAR sensor QCP2300HP, serial 70110

* Wetlabs C-star transmissometer serial 1421DR

* Teledyne RDI lowered ADCP (i.e. LADCP) workhorse monitor – 300 kHz 
  upward looking head; 150 kHz downward looking head; battery housing

* Aanderaa optode serial 576 (stations 1 to 82)

* Tritech 500 kHz altimeter serial 126288 (stations 1 to 91)

* Tritech 500 kHz altimeter serial 76031 (stations 92 to 95)

* Tritech 200 kHz altimeter serial 237622 (stations 1 to 74 and 76 to 
  79)

* Tritech 200 kHz altimeter serial 126287 (station 75 and 80) (didn’t 
  work)

* Tritech 200 kHz altimeter serial 126376 (station 81) (didn’t work)

* Tritech 200 kHz altimeter serial 237621 (stations 82 to 95)

* camera system and strobe lighting (stations 2 to 15 and 90 to 95)

CTD data were transmitted up a 6 mm seacable to a SBE11plusV2 deck 
unit, at a rate of 24 Hz, and data were logged simultaneously on 2 PC's 
using SeaBird data acquisition software "Seasave" version 7.

The CTD deployment method was as follows:

* CTD initially deployed down to ~10 to 20 m

* after confirmation of pump operation, CTD returned up to just below 
  the surface (depth dependent on sea state)

* after returning to just below the surface, downcast proper commenced

For most casts the package was stopped on the upcast at ~50 m above the 
bottom, for collection of bottom track data by the LADCP. When the 
camera system was fitted the package was stopped for several minutes 
within 5 m of the bottom.

Pre cruise temperature, conductivity and pressure calibrations were 
performed by SeaBird (Table 3) (June 2011). The SeaBird calibration for 
the SBE43 oxygen sensor was used for initial data display only. 
Manufacturer supplied calibrations were used for the fluorometer, 
transmissometer, PAR and altimeter. Final conductivity and dissolved 
oxygen calibrations derived from in situ Niskin bottle samples are 
listed later in the report. Final transmissometer data are referenced 
to a clean water value (see section 5.5 below). For the optode phase 
and temperature, slope/offset corrections were applied to the raw 
voltages (corrections supplied by Craig Neill, CSIRO).



3 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

CTD operations went relatively smoothly, with fewer equipment/gear 
problems than on the previous cruise. The most significant gear issue 
was the high loads experienced by the 6 mm sea cable during the deep 
CTD casts. High loads on the 6 mm cable have always been a concern in 
the past, but on this occasion there was a load cell to measure them 
(data not discussed in this report).

Large remnants of the B9B iceberg were still present in the Mertz 
region, but access to Commonwealth Bay remained straightforward. The 
time available for the CTD work there was less than hoped for, due to 
time commitments for the official Mawson’s Hut visit, and only 6 
shallow CTD’s were completed in the area.

Other notable problems were as follows:

* Two hours were lost at station 3, due to CTD gantry problems.

* Nearly a day was lost at station 35, at first due to bad weather, 
  then later awaiting completion of servicing to the ship’s generators.

* The seacable was reterminated prior to stations 28 and 40, due to 
  kinking of the wire.

* About halfway through the cruise the tension control procedure by 
  winch operators during bottom approach was changed. The CTD package 
  touched bottom on two occasions as a result (at stations 57 and 71). 
  A further problem occurred during the upcast at station 57, with an 
  unexplained CTD comms crash. Comms were successfully re-established 
  after power cycling the CTD deck unit.

* CTD comms failed near the end of the upcast at station 63, and the 
  last 2 rosette positions were not fired. The electrical termination 
  had failed, requiring another retermination.

* CTD comms crashed during station 82 just after commencement of the 
  upcast, with inability to fire bottles and no data for the upcast. 
  Flooding of the optode was the cause, an identical experience to the 
  previous cruise. After removing the optode the station was repeated.

* At station 89, the package touched bottom for a third time, due to 
  steep bathymetry and unstable altimeter readings.

* The 200 kHz altimeter started to fail during station 73. The problem 
  turned out to be a failing y-cable. All the altimeters were tested 
  over the remainder of the cruise, revealing two bad instruments: 
  serials 126287 and 126376 (both 200 kHz). A third instrument (serial 
  126288, 500 kHz) failed near the end of the cruise.



4 CTD DATA PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION

Preliminary CTD data processing was done at sea, to confirm correct 
functioning of instrumentation. Final processing of the data was done 
in Hobart. The first processing step is application of a suite of the 
SeaBird "Seasoft" processing programs to the raw data, in order to:

* convert raw data signals to engineering units

* remove the surface pressure offset for each station

* realign the oxygen sensor with respect to time (note that 
  conductivity sensor alignment is done by the deck unit at the time of 
  data logging)

* remove conductivity cell thermal mass effects

* apply a low pass filter to the pressure data

* flag pressure reversals

* search for bad data (e.g. due to sensor fouling etc)

Further processing and data calibration were done in a UNIX 
environment, using a suite of fortran and matlab programs. Processing 
steps here include:

* forming upcast burst CTD data for calibration against bottle data, 
  where each upcast burst is the average of 10 seconds of data centered 
  on each Niskin bottle firing

* merging bottle and CTD data, and deriving CTD conductivity 
  calibration coefficients by comparing upcast CTD burst average 
  conductivity data with calculated equivalent bottle sample 
  conductivities

* forming pressure monotonically increasing data, and from there 
  calculating 2 dbar averaged downcast CTD data

* calculating calibrated 2 dbar averaged salinity from the 2 dbar 
  pressure, temperature and conductivity values

* deriving CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients by comparing 
  bottle sample dissolved oxygen values (collected on the upcast) with 
  CTD dissolved oxygen values from the equivalent 2 dbar downcast 
  pressures

Full details of the data calibration and processing methods are given 
in Rosenberg et al. (unpublished) , referred to hereafter as the CTD 
methodology. Additional processing steps are discussed below in the 
results section. For calibration of the CTD oxygen data, whole profile 
fits were used for shallower stations, while split profile fits were 
used for deeper stations.

Final station header information, including station positions at the 
start, bottom and end of each CTD cast, were obtained from underway 
data for the cruise (see section 6 below). Note the following for the 
station header information:

* All times are UTC.

* "Start of cast" information is at the commencement of the downcast 
  proper, as described above.

* "Bottom of cast" information is at the maximum pressure value.

* "End of cast" information is when the CTD leaves the water at the end 
  of the cast, as indicated by a drop in salinity values.

* All bottom depth values are corrected for local sound speed, where 
  sound speed values are calculated from the CTD data at each station.

* "Bottom of cast" depths are calculated from CTD maximum pressure 
  (converted to depth) and altimeter values at the bottom of the casts.

Lastly, data were converted to MATLAB format, and final data quality 
checking was done within MATLAB.



5 CTD AND BOTTLE DATA RESULTS AND DATA QUALITY

Data from the primary CTD sensor pair (temperature and conductivity) 
were used for the whole cruise. Suspect CTD 2 dbar averages are listed 
in Table 9, while suspect dissolved oxygen bottle samples are listed in 
Table 11. Nutrient and dissolved oxygen comparisons to previous cruises 
are made in section 7.

 
5.1 Conductivity/salinity

The conductivity calibration and equivalent salinity results for the 
cruise are plotted in Figures 2 and 3, and the derived conductivity 
calibration coefficients are listed in Tables 4 and 5. Station 
groupings used for the calibration are included in Table 4. 
International standard seawater batch number P153 (8th March 2011) was 
used for salinometer standardisations.

Guildline Autosal serial 62549 was used for the whole cruise, with 
analyses taking place in lab 5 (usually a refrigerator lab). 
Salinometer performance was stable, with lab temperature ranging mostly 
between ~20 and 21.5oC over the course of the cruise (mean lab 
temperature=20.70oC, standard deviation 0.37oC). Overall salinity 
accuracy for the cruise is within 0.002 (PSS78).

For the previous cruise au1121 (Rosenberg and Rintoul, unpublished), 
increased scatter in salinity residuals (i.e. bottle salinity – 
calibrated salinity) was found for southern stations in the region of 
the former Mertz Glacier, with the scatter attributed to biological 
activity and/or cold water effects. Equivalent samples for this cruise 
(stations 2 to 7) did not show the same large scatter. Conductivity 
calibrations for these stations were good, with residual scatter only 
evident for shallower samples in steep vertical gradients.

Pressure dependent salinity residuals are evident for most cruises 
(Rosenberg and Rintoul, unpublished). For this cruise the residuals, 
where they occurred, were of the order 0.002 (PSS78) or less over the 
whole vertical profile. The largest pressure dependent residual was 
~0.003 (PSS78) for station 36 (Figure 4). Note from the figure that for 
many other stations no consistent pressure dependency is evident, and 
the residual scatter is within calibration accuracy. Also note that 
where the pressure dependency occurred, the magnitude over the whole 
profile was often larger for the secondary sensor data (not shown 
here).

Close inspection of the vertical profiles of the bottle-CTD salinity 
difference values reveals a slight biasing for a few stations, mostly 
of the order 0.001 (PSS78), as follows: 


                 station     bottle-CTD bias (PSS78)
                 ----------  -----------------------
                 25, 33             -0.001
                 47, 48, 70         -0.0005
                 60                 +0.001


This is most likely due to a combination of factors, including 
salinometer performance. There is no significant diminishing of overall 
CTD salinity accuracy from this apparent biasing.

Bad salinity bottle samples (not deleted from the data files) are 
listed in Table 10.

 
5.2 Temperature

Temperature differences between the primary and secondary CTD 
temperature sensors (Tp and Ts respectively), from data at Niskin 
bottle stops, are shown in Figure 5. The difference Ts – Tp is within 
the manufacturer quoted sensor accuracy of 0.001oC. Note from the 
figure that Ts – Tp moves closer to 0, either in colder water or at 
shallower pressures (difficult to separate the two dependencies).

 
5.3 Pressure

Surface pressure offsets for each cast (Table 6) were obtained from 
inspection of the data before the package entered the water. Pressure 
spiking, a problem on some previous cruises, did not occur, other than 
during comms problems at stations 57, 63 and 82. For station 83, the 
first station after a system crash caused by a leaking optode, the 
surface pressure offset value was noticeably different to the values 
from surrounding stations (no explanation).

 
5.4 Dissolved oxygen

CTD oxygen data were calibrated as per the CTD methodology, with 
profiles deeper than 1400 dbar calibrated as split profile fits, and 
profiles shallower than 1400 dbar (i.e. stations 2 to 7, 9, and 91 to 
95) calibrated as whole profile fits. The exceptions were for station 1 
(a test cast to ~2900 dbar) and station 12 (a cast to ~1480 dbar), 
where whole profile fits were used to improve the calibration results. 
For the following stations, no bottle samples were collected, therefore 
CTD oxygen data were not calibrated:

8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 26, 37, 55, 56, 61, 62, 65, 71, 74, 76, 77, 82 
and 84.

Calibration results are plotted in Figure 6, and the derived 
calibration coefficients are listed in Table 7. Overall the calibrated 
CTD oxygen agrees with the bottle data to well within 1% of full scale 
(where full scale is ~420 μmol/l above 1500 dbar, and ~250 μmol/l below 
1500 dbar).

* Bottle overlaps between the shallow and deep fits were varied  
  slightly for the following stations: 11, 14, 15, 45 and 90.
 
 * For station 2, the top section of the oxygen profile was unusable 
  due  to missing near surface bottle data.
 
* For station 6, the lower part of the profile has been flagged as 
  suspect due to a missing bottom bottle sample.

* For station 35, the whole profile calibration result was slightly 
  better than the split profile result, but the split profile result 
  has been retained.

* For station 83, bad CTD oxygen data from ~50 to 100 dbar have been 
  removed.

* Bubbles in reagent 2 dispenser caused a few bad oxygen samples.

 
5.5 Fluorescence, PAR, transmittance, altimeter, optode

All fluorescence, PAR and transmittance data have a manufacturer 
supplied calibration (Table 3) applied to the data, with transmittance 
values referenced to clean water. In the CTD 2dbar averaged data files, 
both downcast and upcast data are supplied for these sensors; and the 
data are strictly 2 dbar averages (as distinct from other calculations 
used in previous cruises i.e. au0703, au0803 and au0806).

Fluorescence spikiness was caused by interference from the camera 
strobe lights, mounted on the CTD package and operating for stations 2 
to 15 and 90 to 95. Initially, the SeaBird “filter” program (with a low 
pass filter value of 1 sec) was used to attempt to smooth the spikes. 
Some undesirable artefacts were caused by the filtering, and the final 
fluorescence data were left unfiltered. In general, obvious bad data 
spikes from deeper water are easily removed. In shallower water 
however, where the real fluorescence signal occurs, it’s very difficult 
to separate any erroneous data spiking from the real fluorescence 
signal.

The PAR calibration coefficients in Table 3 were calculated from the 
manufacturer supplied calibration sheet, using the method described in 
the following SeaBird documents: page 53 of SeaSave Version 7.2 manual; 
Application Note No. 11 General; and Application Note No. 11 QSP-L. The 
PAR calibration “offset” value (Table 3) was derived from deep water 
voltage values from the previous cruise au1121.

Transmittance data appear reasonable qualitatively, though there’s some 
hysteresis between the down and upcast data, for station 48 onwards, 
mainly in the top ~1000 dbar. Quantitatively, deck tests indicated the 
transmissometer calibration was out, with full scale readings of 5 V in 
air, and dark voltage readings of ~1.2 V (simulated by covering the 
sensor by hand). Note that station 1 downcast data are suspect for the 
top ~200 dbar, with transmittance values exceeding 100%, and appearing 
significantly different to the upcast.

The usual altimeter “artefacts”, as seen on previous cruises (described 
in Rosenberg and Rintoul, unpublished), were observed on both the 200 
and 500 kHz Tritech sensors, with false bottom readings often observed 
before coming within nominal altimeter range. For station 75 onwards, 
the altimeters were frequently swapped to confirm performance of all 6 
units.

For optode data (stations 1 to 82), the following linear calibrations 
(Craig Neill, CSIRO CMAR) have been applied to the raw voltage data:

optode phase = volts x 12 + 10

optode temperature = volts x 9 - 5

The optode flooded during station 82, as described earlier, and no 
optode was fitted for station 83 onwards. Note that the optode was 
fitted for comparison purposes, and only the SBE43 oxygen data should 
be used in any data analyses.



5.6 Nutrients

Nutrients measured on the cruise were phosphate, total nitrate (i.e. 
nitrate+nitrite), and silicate, using a Lachat autoanalyser. Most 
values are an average of twin analyses (done at the time of each sample 
analysis). Much pre-screening of the nutrient data (including the twin 
analyses and repeat runs) was done by the hydrochemists, and as a 
result there are no obviously suspect data flagged in the final data 
set. Note that full scale for phosphate, nitrate and silicate are 
respectively 3.0 μmol/l, 35 μmol/l, and 140 μmol/l.

Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data are shown in Figure 7. For 
stations 2 to 7 (from the Mertz region), the data follows a different 
trend to the remainder of the cruise, and this appears to be a real 
feature.

* There are no phosphate data for stations 33, 43 and 68, due to 
  analysis problems.

Further assessment of nutrient data quality is given in section 7 
below, comparing the data to previous cruises.

Additional nutrient analysis notes from the hydrochemists:

Bad data

* Station 33, phosphate – RMNS and bulk QC significantly lower than 
  expected - data rejected.

* Station 43, phosphate – fresh sample analysis and repeat sample 
  analysis both bad – data rejected.

* Station 68, phosphate – fresh sample analysis and repeat sample 
  analyses all bad – data rejected.

Cautions

* Stations 45, 48 and 50, nitrate – frozen for 6 months and analysed in 
  Hobart. For station 50, the samples were labelled “already thawed and 
  refrozen during voyage”.

* Stations 66 and 67, nitrate – from frozen samples, but analysed 
  during the voyage not long after sampling.

* Station 68, nitrate – combined results from frozen samples from 
  during the voyage and from 6 months after the voyage – all within 
  tolerance.

* Station 79, nitrate – the only nitrate run with a suspect 
  calibration; QC and RMNS data show the results are okay.

* Station 34, phosphate – frozen samples analysed during the voyage; 
  single dip analysis.

* Station 69, phosphate – samples frozen for 6 months; phosphate 
  issue^^

* Station 87, all nutrients – an instrument error stopped the run 
  (close to the end of the run); final calibration stitched together; 
  calibration and QC data look good.

* Stations 89, 90 and 91, phosphate – samples frozen for 6 months; 
  phosphate issue^^

* Stations 92 to 95, phosphate – merged from 2 different runs (fresh 
  samples during the voyage, and samples frozen for 6 months). Merged 
  data matches well. phosphate issue^^ ^^phosphate issue: for 
  autoanalyser runs 77 onwards (i.e. stations 89 to 95 plus some 
  repeats), there was a significant increase in the expected QC. The 
  calculated concentration of calibrants consistently decreased at this 
  point. Issue currently unresolved.

 
5.7 Additional CTD data processing/quality notes

* Station 34 – problem with secondary sensors for bottles 18 to 24 i.e. 
  top ~110 dbar of upcast.

* Station 44 – bottle 21 was tripped on the fly.

* The package touched bottom at stations 57, 71 and 89. In all 3 cases 
  disturbance of the bottom sediment is evident from the transmittance 
  data. No sensors were damaged or calibrations shifted as a result of 
  the contacts; and there has been no despiking of any sensor data 
  affected by the disturbed sediment (e.g. bottom 2 dbar salinity bin 
  for station 71).

* Station 63 – the rosette was only fired 20 times before the comms 
  crash, and data collection ended at ~45 dbar on the upcast.

* Station 82 - bad data near the bottom (due to optode failure) have 
  been removed.

* For the XBT yoyo casts (55, 56, 61, 62, 76, 77), depth at the bottom 
  of the cast is from the full depth cast at each of the sites.



6 UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS

Underway data were logged to an Oracle database on the ship. Quality 
control for the cruise was largely automated. 12 kHz bathymetry data 
were quality controlled on the cruise (Graham Campton, Ric Frey, 
Anthony Moxham and David Sowter, Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic 
Office).

1 minute instantaneous underway data are contained in the file 
au1203.ora as column formatted text; and in the file au1203ora.mat as 
matlab format. Data from the hull mounted underway temperature sensor 
(Tdls) and the underway thermosalinograph salinity (Sdls) are compared 
to CTD temperature and salinity data at 8 dbar (Figures 8 and 9). For 
temperature (Figure 9a), the agreement is reasonably close down to 5oC; 
below this the Tdls-TCTD difference trends up towards ~0.02 at the 
lowest temperature values. For salinity (Figure 9b), there’s a 
reasonable amount of scatter, and the bestfit line should not be relied 
on; overall, the Sdls-SCTD difference for the cruise can be estimated 
at ~-0.06 (PSS78). Note that these comparisons have not been applied to 
the underway data.



7 INTERCRUISE COMPARISONS

Intercruise comparisons of nutrient and dissolved oxygen data on 
neutral density (i.e. _) surfaces are shown in bulk plots, comparing 
au1203 and au0403 (Figure 10a), and au1203 and i8si9s (1994-95 RV Knorr 
cruise, P.I. Mike McCartney, CCHDO expocode 316N145_5) (Figure 10b). 
Note that all au1203 and au0403 nutrient and dissolved oxygen data have 
been converted here to μmol/kg units (to match the Knorr data). Bulk 
plots of all the difference data are shown against latitude in Figure 
11 (au1203- au0403) and Figure 12 (au1203–i8si9s). Taking averages of 
the data in Figures 11 and 12, the comparisons can be quantified as 
follows:

phosphate
au1203 > au0403 by 0.05
au1203 > i8si9s by 0.03

nitrate
au1203 > au0403 by 0.3
au1203 > i8si9s by 0.3

silicate
au1203 > au0403 by 1.8
au1203 > i8si9s by 1.5

dissolved oxygen bottle data
au1203 > au0403 by 0.4
au1203 > i8si9s by 0.2

Closer inspection of the data reveals some variation with latitude, in 
particular for phosphate and nitrate in the au1203-i8si9s comparison 
(Figure 12). In both cases there’s a shift in the difference values 
south of ~42oS. Note that this is not necessarily a latitude dependence 
– rather, it may be related to sample analysis during the cruises.

The intercruise variability for bottle oxygen data are within 1% of 
full scale. For the nutrient data, the differences are within 1% of 
full scale for nitrate and just over 1% of full scale for silicate. For 
phosphates, a clear offset close to 2% of full scale is evident from 
the au1203-au0403 comparison, most likely due to variation in 
autoanalyser performance (specific reasons unknown). Phosphate results 
have previously shown significant intercruise offsets (Rosenberg and 
Rintoul, unpublished).



8 FILE FORMATS

Data are supplied as column formatted text files, or as matlab files, 
with all details fully described in the README file included with the 
data set. Note that all dissolved oxygen and nutrient data in these 
file versions are in units of μmol/l.

The data are also available in WOCE “Exchange” format files. In these 
file versions, dissolved oxygen and nutrient data are in units of 
μmol/kg. For density calculation in the volumetric to gravimetric units 
conversion, the following were used:

dissolved oxygen – in situ temperature and CTD salinity at which each 
    Niskin bottle was fired; zero pressure

nutrients – laboratory temperature (22.0oC), and in situ CTD salinity 
    at which each Niskin bottle was fired; zero pressure



REFERENCES

Rosenberg, M., Fukamachi, Y., Rintoul, S., Church, J., Curran, C., 
    Helmond, I., Miller, K., McLaughlan, D., Berry, K., Johnston, N. 
    and Richman, J., unpublished. Kerguelen Deep Western Boundary 
    Current Experiment and CLIVAR I9 transect, marine science cruises 
    AU0304 and AU0403 - oceanographic field measurements and analysis. 
    ACE Cooperative Research Centre, unpublished report. 78 pp.

Rosenberg, M. and Rintoul, S., unpublished. Aurora Australis marine 
    science cruise AU1121 – oceanographic field measurements and 
    analysis. ACE Cooperative Research Centre, September 2011, 
    unpublished report. 45 pp.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to all scientific personnel who participated in the cruise, and 
to the crew of the RSV Aurora Australis. Special thanks to the 
oceanography team for a great job collecting the data.

Table 1: Summary of station information for cruise au1203. All times 
         are UTC; "alt" = minimum altimeter value (m), "maxp" = maximum 
         pressure (dbar). “XBT yoyo” = partial casts for XBT comparison 
         tests; “bio dip” = casts for large volume sample collection 
         for microbial biomass. 

              -------------------start of CTD--------------------  -------------bottom of CTD- ----------  -------------------end of CTD---------------------
    CTD 
  station        date       time    latitude    longitude   depth   time    latitude    longitude   depth   time    latitude    longitude   depth   alt  maxp
------------  -----------  ------  ----------  -----------  -----  ------  ----------  -----------  -----  ------  ----------  -----------  -----  ----  ----
001 test      08 Jan 2012  075607  55 59.79 S  145 11.41 E   2846  084731  55 59.76 S  145 11.47 E   2856  100634  55 59.99 S  145 11.63 E   2818  14.4  2887
002 Mertz     10 Jan 2012  184628  66 54.64 S  145 23.02 E    709  185830  66 54.62 S  145 23.06 E    708  193543  66 54.77 S  145 23.15 E    712   4.4   712
003 Mertz     11 Jan 2012  004546  67 13.32 S  145 51.54 E    702  010224  67 13.31 S  145 51.28 E    709  013444  67 13.18 S  145 50.54 E    717   2.4   715
004 Mertz     11 Jan 2012  031053  67 08.75 S  145 33.55 E    903  032749  67 08.72 S  145 33.61 E    899  041003  67 08.39 S  145 33.23 E    915   3.7   906
005 Mertz     11 Jan 2012  061738  67 03.02 S  145 10.90 E   1318  064332  67 02.96 S  145 10.67 E   1319  073544  67 02.62 S  145 09.64 E   1269   3.2  1333
006 Mertz     11 Jan 2012  090738  66 54.14 S  144 44.63 E   1001  092951  66 54.14 S  144 44.64 E   1014  101823  66 53.89 S  144 43.84 E   1020   3.8  1023
007 Mertz     11 Jan 2012  114619  66 45.95 S  144 19.60 E    925  120322  66 45.91 S  144 19.04 E    927  124615  66 45.73 S  144 17.77 E    921   5.1   933
008 bio dip   20 Jan 2012  115908  65 22.40 S  112 55.31 E    721  120108  65 22.42 S  112 55.27 E    704  120727  65 22.48 S  112 55.16 E    685    -     49
009 I9S       20 Jan 2012  131104  65 22.91 S  112 54.52 E    628  132439  65 22.99 S  112 54.30 E    658  140442  65 23.26 S  112 53.69 E    494   1.5   664
010 bio dip   20 Jan 2012  182524  65 10.40 S  113 02.91 E   1467  182738  65 10.39 S  113 02.80 E   1466  183452  65 10.40 S  113 02.89 E   1467    -     61
011 I9S       20 Jan 2012  192719  65 10.48 S  113 03.91 E   1459  195609  65 10.51 S  113 03.68 E   1459  205129  65 10.60 S  113 03.27 E   1456   4.0  1475
012 I9S       20 Jan 2012  222954  65 01.51 S  113 09.86 E   1456  225918  65 01.48 S  113 09.58 E   1462  235511  65 01.38 S  113 08.84 E   1479   4.0  1477
013 bio dip   21 Jan 2012  014141  64 53.18 S  113 14.44 E   1480  014334  64 53.20 S  113 14.41 E   1480  015020  64 53.23 S  113 14.29 E   1482    -     62
014 I9S       21 Jan 2012  023424  64 53.93 S  113 14.51 E   1444  030409  64 54.00 S  113 14.18 E   1450  035857  64 54.11 S  113 13.97 E   1444   5.6  1463
015 I9S       21 Jan 2012  063138  64 38.33 S  113 17.74 E   1916  070525  64 38.35 S  113 17.69 E   1912  081156  64 38.35 S  113 17.65 E   1904   3.3  1936
016 bio dip   21 Jan 2012  165459  64 24.07 S  113 22.81 E   2447  165658  64 24.08 S  113 22.77 E   2448  170456  64 24.08 S  113 22.60 E   2448    -     61
017 I9S       21 Jan 2012  175535  64 24.04 S  113 22.43 E   2451  183751  64 24.07 S  113 22.25 E   2449  195043  64 23.86 S  113 21.82 E   2457   9.0  2478
018 I9S       22 Jan 2012  025900  64 01.37 S  113 18.05 E     -   040232  64 01.39 S  113 18.44 E   2978  051849  64 01.55 S  113 18.71 E     -    8.1  3021
019 bio dip   22 Jan 2012  082734  63 38.25 S  113 19.28 E   3265  082926  63 38.24 S  113 19.28 E   3266  083522  63 38.26 S  113 19.33 E   3275    -     71
020 I9S       22 Jan 2012  092619  63 38.69 S  113 20.05 E   3268  101926  63 38.68 S  113 20.29 E   3263  115122  63 38.73 S  113 20.35 E   3268   8.5  3313
021 I9S       22 Jan 2012  145212  63 17.29 S  113 19.76 E   3506  155200  63 17.26 S  113 19.75 E   3505  173135  63 17.26 S  113 19.52 E   3508   5.8  3563
022 bio dip   22 Jan 2012  185923  63 16.25 S  113 21.01 E   3513  190113  63 16.27 S  113 21.01 E   3513  191334  63 16.32 S  113 21.06 E   3514    -     76
023 I9S       23 Jan 2012  024744  62 47.51 S  113 19.04 E   3827  035144  62 47.49 S  113 18.58 E   3822  053153  62 47.84 S  113 17.97 E     -    9.6  3884
024 I9S       23 Jan 2012  084956  62 18.41 S  113 17.91 E   4065  095830  62 18.44 S  113 18.22 E   4068  114103  62 18.26 S  113 19.10 E   4080   8.8  4138
025 I9S       23 Jan 2012  144111  61 52.67 S  113 16.79 E   4200  155840  61 52.48 S  113 16.60 E   4187  174758  61 52.57 S  113 17.35 E   4197   7.3  4262
026 bio dip   24 Jan 2012  001004  61 50.22 S  113 29.21 E   4219  002909  61 50.16 S  113 29.39 E   4220  005701  61 50.13 S  113 29.72 E   4222    -   1101
027 I9S       24 Jan 2012  033447  61 39.84 S  114 08.83 E   4294  044529  61 39.67 S  114 08.78 E   4278  063221  61 39.55 S  114 08.87 E   4287   7.6  4356
028 I9S       24 Jan 2012  110157  61 30.41 S  115 00.88 E   4332  121802  61 30.47 S  115 00.51 E   4330  141208  61 30.76 S  115 00.08 E   4334   8.9  4408
029 I9S       24 Jan 2012  174149  61 00.62 S  115 01.30 E   4392  185448  61 00.71 S  115 00.89 E   4389  204327  61 00.76 S  115 00.23 E   4392   7.2  4470
030 I9S       25 Jan 2012  004135  60 23.82 S  114 59.87 E   4458  015543  60 23.98 S  115 01.71 E   4456  035055  60 24.26 S  115 03.95 E   4460   7.8  4539
031 I9S       25 Jan 2012  073244  59 48.52 S  115 01.66 E   4488  085518  59 48.67 S  115 02.60 E   4495  104432  59 48.86 S  115 04.07 E   4504   9.2  4577
032 I9S       25 Jan 2012  141509  59 12.17 S  114 59.93 E   4536  153105  59 12.40 S  115 00.01 E   4524  172606  59 12.60 S  114 59.86 E   4532   7.2  4609
033 I9S       25 Jan 2012  210522  58 36.12 S  114 59.21 E   4521  222824  58 36.29 S  114 58.99 E   4533  002622  58 36.44 S  114 59.09 E   4542   8.3  4617
034 I9S       26 Jan 2012  045917  58 00.10 S  115 00.19 E   4561  061520  58 00.11 S  115 00.53 E   4559  081656  58 00.14 S  115 00.97 E   4567   7.2  4644
035 I9S       27 Jan 2012  084705  57 24.07 S  114 59.94 E   4556  100300  57 24.47 S  114 59.72 E   4548  115722  57 25.02 S  114 59.72 E   4554   8.2  4632
036 I9S       27 Jan 2012  155237  56 48.22 S  114 59.98 E   4532  170849  56 48.46 S  115 00.36 E   4522  190315  56 48.76 S  115 00.46 E   4534   7.8  4605
037 bio dip   27 Jan 2012  224745  56 11.49 S  115 00.16 E     -   230814  56 11.57 S  115 00.25 E     -   233309  56 11.68 S  115 00.37 E   4711    -   1003
038 I9S       28 Jan 2012  002728  56 11.72 S  115 00.04 E   4720  014837  56 12.09 S  115 00.26 E   4651  033951  56 12.30 S  115 00.73 E   4583  11.4  4734
039 I9S       28 Jan 2012  071819  55 35.93 S  115 00.52 E     -   083653  55 35.97 S  115 00.76 E   4608  103218  55 36.14 S  115 01.06 E     -    7.5  4694
040 I9S       28 Jan 2012  142439  55 00.19 S  115 00.23 E     -   153939  55 00.27 S  115 00.14 E   4484  173903  55 00.58 S  115 00.67 E     -    8.2  4565
041 I9S       28 Jan 2012  215552  54 23.85 S  115 00.58 E     -   230947  54 23.84 S  115 00.38 E   4175  005411  54 24.08 S  115 00.75 E     -    7.9  4247
042 I9S       29 Jan 2012  050611  53 48.37 S  115 00.44 E     -   061608  53 48.42 S  115 00.50 E   4003  080829  53 48.59 S  115 01.00 E     -    8.0  4069
043 I9S       29 Jan 2012  125106  53 12.31 S  115 00.49 E     -   135848  53 12.58 S  115 00.96 E   3968  154615  53 12.79 S  115 01.31 E     -    8.5  4033
044 I9S       29 Jan 2012  200324  52 36.55 S  115 00.26 E     -   210622  52 36.68 S  115 00.10 E   3771  224522  52 36.74 S  115 00.00 E     -   12.1  3826
045 I9S       30 Jan 2012  021146  51 58.58 S  115 00.04 E     -   031356  51 58.45 S  114 59.92 E   3679  050909  51 58.51 S  115 00.01 E     -   11.0  3733
046 I9S       30 Jan 2012  080500  51 28.44 S  115 00.41 E     -   090332  51 28.48 S  115 00.91 E   3511  104532  51 28.21 S  115 01.73 E     -    5.0  3566
047 I9S       30 Jan 2012  133711  50 59.98 S  115 00.28 E     -   144742  50 59.64 S  115 01.01 E   4001  163806  50 59.64 S  115 02.52 E     -    8.9  4065
048 I9S       30 Jan 2012  193427  50 29.28 S  114 59.96 E     -   202643  50 29.50 S  115 00.52 E   3059  215453  50 29.72 S  115 01.31 E     -   11.9  3096
049 I9S       31 Jan 2012  004814  49 59.48 S  115 00.21 E     -   015202  49 59.68 S  115 01.01 E   3868  033038  49 59.96 S  115 02.13 E     -   11.4  3926
050 I9S       31 Jan 2012  062306  49 30.16 S  115 00.55 E     -   072302  49 30.02 S  115 01.52 E   3418  090045  49 29.97 S  115 02.72 E     -    7.5  3468
051 I9S       31 Jan 2012  121738  48 59.24 S  115 01.00 E     -   132823  48 59.04 S  115 01.42 E   3948  151847  48 58.99 S  115 01.94 E     -    7.4  4012
052 I9S       31 Jan 2012  183233  48 28.07 S  115 00.01 E     -   194250  48 27.89 S  115 00.22 E   3913  212628  48 27.47 S  115 00.59 E     -   13.2  3970
053 I9S       31 Jan 2012  235701  47 59.82 S  114 59.99 E     -   005608  47 59.55 S  115 00.40 E   3611  023500  47 59.39 S  115 00.79 E     -   12.8  3660
054 I9S       01 Feb 2012  052336  47 30.19 S  115 00.16 E     -   062539  47 29.95 S  115 00.79 E   3732  080059  47 29.89 S  115 01.30 E     -    7.9  3789
055 XBT yoyo  01 Feb 2012  104344  47 00.31 S  115 00.08 E     -   105933  47 00.19 S  115 00.16 E   3922  111306  47 00.10 S  115 00.34 E     -     -    899
056 XBT yoyo  01 Feb 2012  111830  47 00.07 S  115 00.39 E     -   113247  46 59.99 S  115 00.64 E   3922  114639  46 59.94 S  115 00.73 E     -     -    901
057 I9S       01 Feb 2012  114946  46 59.92 S  115 00.74 E     -   125828  46 59.57 S  115 01.17 E   3922  144616  46 58.89 S  115 01.93 E     -    0.0  3992
058 I9S       01 Feb 2012  173738  46 30.62 S  115 00.33 E   4011  184423  46 30.02 S  115 00.81 E   4141  202428  46 29.08 S  115 01.64 E     -   14.1  4203
059 I9S       01 Feb 2012  225541  46 00.95 S  115 00.05 E   4138  000255  46 00.32 S  115 00.07 E   4115  014646  45 59.56 S  115 00.30 E   4209  12.4  4177
060 I9S       02 Feb 2012  042326  45 29.75 S  115 00.00 E   4164  054000  45 29.13 S  115 00.29 E   4195  072726  45 28.37 S  115 00.62 E   4225   7.6  4265
061 XBT yoyo  02 Feb 2012  104451  45 00.20 S  115 00.06 E     -   110030  45 00.19 S  115 00.12 E   4276  111352  45 00.17 S  115 00.23 E     -     -    901
062 XBT yoyo  02 Feb 2012  111511  45 00.16 S  115 00.23 E     -   113242  45 00.10 S  115 00.35 E   4276  114556  45 00.15 S  115 00.46 E     -     -    900
063 I9S       02 Feb 2012  114805  45 00.15 S  115 00.45 E     -   125916  44 59.87 S  115 00.58 E   4276  143801  44 59.51 S  115 01.07 E     -    7.0  4348
064 I9S       02 Feb 2012  183057  44 29.20 S  114 59.98 E   4324  194324  44 28.99 S  115 00.14 E   4426  212604  44 28.49 S  115 00.39 E     -   12.5  4496
065 bio dip   03 Feb 2012  003708  43 59.30 S  114 59.98 E   4328  014937  43 59.16 S  115 00.17 E   4336  025937  43 58.97 S  115 00.40 E   4349  15.2  4401
066 I9S       03 Feb 2012  035148  43 59.32 S  114 59.87 E     -   050539  43 59.17 S  114 59.93 E   4337  065716  43 58.66 S  114 59.79 E     -    8.4  4408
067 I9S       03 Feb 2012  101653  43 29.98 S  115 00.11 E     -   114306  43 29.95 S  115 00.19 E   4442  135024  43 29.48 S  115 00.06 E     -    6.6  4518
068 I9S       04 Feb 2012  055234  43 00.20 S  114 59.48 E     -   071259  43 00.08 S  114 59.39 E   4386  093600  42 59.88 S  114 59.17 E     -    6.9  4461
069 I9S       04 Feb 2012  131145  42 30.28 S  114 59.72 E     -   144000  42 30.13 S  114 59.79 E   4325  164654  42 29.78 S  114 59.02 E     -    7.8  4396
070 I9S       04 Feb 2012  200604  41 59.78 S  115 00.09 E     -   212116  41 59.65 S  114 59.92 E   4543  230905  41 59.38 S  114 59.80 E     -   12.2  4616
071 bio dip   05 Feb 2012  022649  41 30.88 S  115 00.10 E   4590  034145  41 30.64 S  115 00.04 E   4619  050736  41 30.28 S  115 00.28 E   4618   0.0  4706
072 I9S       05 Feb 2012  060344  41 30.43 S  115 00.22 E   4619  072832  41 29.94 S  115 00.16 E   4625  092300  41 29.86 S  114 59.56 E   4619   7.4  4705
073 I9S       05 Feb 2012  134021  40 52.48 S  115 00.15 E   4634  150350  40 52.24 S  115 00.17 E   4650  165818  40 51.89 S  115 00.19 E     -   14.6  4723
074 bio dip   05 Feb 2012  204059  40 17.69 S  114 59.95 E   4667  220230  40 17.52 S  114 59.68 E   4705  232414  40 17.44 S  114 59.77 E   4698  17.1  4777
075 I9S       06 Feb 2012  003536  40 17.90 S  115 00.00 E   4670  015455  40 17.74 S  114 59.92 E   4683  033307  40 17.60 S  114 59.92 E     -   13.1  4759
076 XBT yoyo  06 Feb 2012  071737  39 41.96 S  114 59.81 E     -   073406  39 41.99 S  114 59.73 E   4752  074923  39 41.96 S  114 59.71 E     -     -    901
077 XBT yoyo  06 Feb 2012  075107  39 41.96 S  114 59.69 E     -   080851  39 41.96 S  114 59.63 E   4752  082336  39 41.91 S  114 59.68 E     -     -    900
078 I9S       06 Feb 2012  082552  39 41.89 S  114 59.71 E     -   095103  39 42.04 S  114 59.51 E   4752  115650  39 42.17 S  114 59.29 E     -    9.0  4833
079 I9S       06 Feb 2012  154236  39 06.35 S  114 59.99 E   4664  170653  39 06.11 S  114 59.54 E   4835  190045  39 05.93 S  114 59.48 E     -   11.6  4916
080 I9S       06 Feb 2012  225725  38 29.98 S  115 00.17 E   4656  002416  38 29.73 S  115 00.35 E   4695  021914  38 29.54 S  114 59.97 E   4697  13.5  4769
081 I9S       07 Feb 2012  052511  37 59.93 S  115 00.14 E   4789  064700  37 59.94 S  114 59.99 E   4779  085640  37 59.84 S  115 00.01 E   4817   8.5  4861
082 I9S       07 Feb 2012  120659  37 29.95 S  115 00.08 E     -   134238  37 30.41 S  115 00.80 E   5223  134531  37 30.42 S  115 00.80 E     -    7.4  5320
083 I9S       07 Feb 2012  162351  37 30.58 S  115 01.36 E   5163  174917  37 30.50 S  115 01.79 E   5231  200615  37 30.74 S  115 02.62 E   5144  13.7  5322
084 bio dip   07 Feb 2012  231924  37 02.27 S  115 00.11 E   5638  005901  37 02.53 S  114 59.15 E   5726  031158  37 02.88 S  114 58.23 E   5734  17.4  5829
085 I9S       08 Feb 2012  040705  37 02.21 S  114 59.93 E     -   055210  37 02.38 S  114 59.34 E   5727  083138  37 02.61 S  114 58.38 E     -    8.9  5839
086 I9S       08 Feb 2012  115708  36 31.70 S  114 59.73 E     -   135747  36 32.07 S  114 58.80 E   5380  163751  36 32.31 S  114 57.64 E     -    7.9  5481
087 I9S       08 Feb 2012  202533  36 00.47 S  114 59.83 E   5247  215759  36 01.03 S  114 58.95 E   5252  000451  36 01.32 S  114 58.12 E     -   14.1  5343
088 I9S       09 Feb 2012  030052  35 39.14 S  115 00.00 E     -   043828  35 40.00 S  114 59.63 E   5096  070038  35 41.10 S  114 59.45 E     -   14.5  5180
089 I9S       09 Feb 2012  085052  35 30.58 S  114 59.90 E   2336  093551  35 31.20 S  114 59.87 E   2427  111256  35 32.48 S  114 59.64 E   2560   0.0  2459
090 I9S       09 Feb 2012  141250  35 12.13 S  114 59.83 E   1474  144507  35 12.56 S  114 59.79 E   1540  153845  35 13.33 S  114 59.93 E     -   24.7  1532
091 I9S       09 Feb 2012  174330  35 03.25 S  115 00.36 E    756  175913  35 03.38 S  115 00.43 E    768  183146  35 03.70 S  115 00.44 E    779  15.3   760
092 I9S       09 Feb 2012  194017  34 57.18 S  115 00.38 E    224  194437  34 57.20 S  115 00.46 E    224  200105  34 57.29 S  115 00.64 E    231  12.8   212
093 I9S       09 Feb 2012  211533  34 49.03 S  114 59.97 E    153  211934  34 49.02 S  114 59.96 E    147  213245  34 49.02 S  114 59.95 E    156  14.5   133
094 I9S       09 Feb 2012  231021  34 36.19 S  115 02.78 E    108  231256  34 36.20 S  115 02.83 E    106  232028  34 36.21 S  115 02.83 E    108  14.1    92
095 I9S       10 Feb 2012  003444  34 27.43 S  115 05.12 E     55  003632  34 27.43 S  115 05.15 E     51  004143  34 27.43 S  115 05.19 E     54  13.4    38


Table 2: Cruise au1203 summary of samples drawn from Niskin bottles at 
         each station, including "sal"= salinity, "ox"=dissolved 
         oxygen, "nuts"= nutrients (i.e. phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, 
         silicate), "CO2"=dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e. TCO2), 
         alkalinity and pH, and "bar"=barium. Note: biological samples 
         not included here. 

stn  sal  ox  nuts  CO2  bar | stn  sal  ox  nuts  CO2  bar | stn  sal  ox  nuts  CO2  bar
---  ---  --  ----  ---  --- | ---  ---  --  ----  ---  --- | ---  ---  --  ----  ---  ---
  1   X    X   X     X       |  38   X    X   X     X       |  75   X    X   X     X
  2   X    X   X     X       |  39   X    X   X     X       |  76  
  3   X    X   X     X       |  40   X    X   X     X    X  |  77  
  4   X    X   X     X       |  41   X    X   X     X       |  78    X   X   X     X
  5   X    X   X     X       |  42   X    X   X     X       |  79    X   X   X     X
  6   X    X   X     X       |  43   X    X   X     X       |  80    X   X   X     X
  7   X    X   X     X       |  44   X    X   X     X       |  81    X   X   X     X    X
  8                          |  45   X    X   X     X    X  |  82   
  9   X    X   X     X    X  |  46   X    X   X     X       |  83    X   X   X     X
 10                          |  47   X    X   X     X       |  84   
 11   X    X   X     X       |  48   X    X   X     X       |  85    X   X   X     X
 12   X    X   X     X    X  |  49   X    X   X     X    X  |  86    X   X   X     X
 13                          |  50   X    X   X     X       |  87    X   X   X     X
 14   X    X   X     X       |  51   X    X   X     X       |  88    X   X   X     X
 15   X    X   X     X       |  52   X    X   X     X       |  89    X   X   X     X    X
 16                          |  53   X    X   X     X    X  |  90    X   X   X     X
 17   X    X   X     X       |  54   X    X   X     X       |  91    X   X   X     X
 18   X    X   X     X    X  |  55                          |  92    X   X   X     X
 19                          |  56                          |  93    X   X   X     X
 20   X    X   X     X       |  57   X    X   X     X       |  94    X   X   X     X
 21   X    X   X     X       |  58   X    X   X     X       |  95    X   X   X     X
 22                          |  59   X    X   X     X    X  |
 23   X    X   X     X    X  |  60   X    X   X     X       |
 24   X    X   X     X       |  61                          |
 25   X    X   X     X       |  62                          |
 26                          |  63   X    X   X     X       |
 27   X    X   X     X       |  64   X    X   X     X       |
 28   X    X   X     X       |  65                          |
 29   X    X   X     X    X  |  66   X    X   X     X       |
 30   X    X   X     X       |  67   X    X   X     X       |
 31   X    X   X     X       |  68   X    X   X     X       |
 32   X    X   X     X       |  69   X    X   X     X       |
 33   X    X   X     X       |  70   X    X   X     X    X  |
 34   X    X   X     X    X  |  71                          |
 35   X    X   X     X       |  72   X    X   X     X       |
 36   X    X   X     X       |  73   X    X   X     X       |



Table 3: CTD calibration coefficients and calibration dates for cruise 
         au1203. Note that platinum temperature calibrations are for 
         the ITS-90 scale. Pressure slope/offset, temperature, 
         conductivity and oxygen values are from SeaBird calibrations. 
         Fluorometer and PAR values are manufacturer supplied (with the 
         PAR offset value updated from dark voltage values observed on 
         the previous cruise au1121). Transmissometer values are a 
         rescaling of the manufacturer supplied coefficients to give 
         transmittance as a %, referenced to clean water. For oxygen, 
         the final calibration uses in situ bottle measurements (the 
         manufacturer supplied coefficients are not used). 


Primary Temperature, serial 4248, 24/06/2011    Secondary Temperature, serial 4245, 24/06/2011
  G : 4.38734078e-003                             G : 4.38197932e-003
  H : 6.51084537e-004                             H : 6.45467901e-004
  I : 2.33705079e-005                             I : 2.24514415e-005
  J : 1.88450468e-006                             J : 1.83970320e-006
  F0 : 1000.000 F0 : 1000.000
  Slope : 1.0000000 Slope : 1.0000000
  Offset : 0.0000 Offset : 0.0000
  
Primary Conductivity, serial 2788, 15/06/2011   Secondary Conductivity, serial 2821, 15/06/2011
  G : -9.73059028e+000                            G : -1.05889611e+001
  H :  1.42821430e+000                            H : 1.43367529e+000
  I : -4.65465822e-004                            I : 1.28798195e-003
  J :  1.30723926e-004                            J : -8.53192987e-006
  CTcor : 3.2500e-006 CTcor : 3.2500e-006
  CPcor : -9.5700000e-008 CPcor : -9.5700000e-008
  Slope : 1.00000000 Slope : 1.00000000
  Offset : 0.00000 Offset : 0.00000

CTD704 Pressure, serial 89084, 29/06/2011       Oxygen, serial 0178, 01/07/2011
(for slope, offset only)                        (for display at time of logging only)
  C1 : -5.337692e+004                             Soc : 4.06400e-001
  C2 : -5.768735e-001                             Voffset : -4.91400e-001
  C3 : 1.541700e-002                              A : -2.55850e-001
  D1 : 3.853800e-002                              B : 1.21500e-004
  D2 : 0.000000e+000                              C : -1.43500e-006
  T1 : 2.984003e+001                              E : 3.60000e-002
  T2 : -4.090591e-004                             Tau20 : 1.59000e+000
  T3 : 3.693030e-006                              D1 : 1.92634e-004
  T4 : 3.386020e-009                              D2 : -4.64803e-002
  T5 : 0.000000e+000                              H1 : -3.30000e-002
  Slope : 0.99987000                              H2 : 5.00000e+003
  Offset : 0.57220 (dbar)                         H3 : 1.45000e+003
  AD590M : 1.283280e-002
  AD590B : -9.705660e+000

Transmissometer, serial 1421DR, 04/05/2011      Fluorometer, serial 296, 23/05/2005
(referenced to clean water)                       Vblank : 0.12
  M : 21.1193                                     Scale factor : 7.000e+000
  B : -0.3379
  Path length: 0.25 (m)

PAR, serial 70110, QCP2300HP, 06/12/2006
  M : 1.000
  B : 0.000
  Cal. Constant : 1.6474465e+010
  Multiplier : 1.0
  Offset : -6.104e-002
  (note: offset value derived using previous cruise au1121 dark voltage data)


Table 4: CTD conductivity calibration coefficients for cruise au1203. 
         F1 , F2 and F3 are respectively conductivity bias, slope and 
         station-dependent correction calibration terms. n is the 
         number of samples retained for calibration in each station 
         grouping; s is the standard deviation of the conductivity 
         residual for the n samples in the station grouping.

stn grouping        F1              F2               F3         n      σ
------------  --------------  --------------  ---------------  ---  --------
 001 to 014   0.14055716E-01  0.99972891E-03  -0.41388055E-08  133  0.000840
 015 to 024   0.17739976E-01  0.99964722E-03  -0.69680813E-08  129  0.000536
 025 to 052  -0.16177788E-02  0.10002174E-02  -0.31723660E-08  528  0.000711
 053 to 069   0.41345837E-02  0.99995463E-03  -0.18174856E-08  245  0.000540
 070 to 090   0.64810743E-02  0.99986070E-03  -0.14005320E-08  290  0.000704
 091 to 095   0.10850986E-01  0.99934832E-03   0.29738833E-08   26  0.001191


Table 5: Station-dependent-corrected conductivity slope term (F2 + F3 . 
         N), for station number N, and F2 and F3 the conductivity slope 
         and station-dependent correction calibration terms 
         respectively, for cruise au1203.

     stn  (F2 + F3 . N)   stn  (F2 + F3 . N)   stn  (F2 + F3 . N)
      #                    #                    #
     ---  --------------  ---  --------------  ---  --------------
       1  0.99972477E-03   33  0.10001127E-02   65  0.99983649E-03
       2  0.99972063E-03   34  0.10001096E-02   66  0.99983468E-03
       3  0.99971649E-03   35  0.10001064E-02   67  0.99983286E-03
       4  0.99971236E-03   36  0.10001032E-02   68  0.99983104E-03
       5  0.99970822E-03   37  0.10001001E-02   69  0.99982922E-03
       6  0.99970408E-03   38  0.10000969E-02   70  0.99976267E-03
       7  0.99969994E-03   39  0.10000937E-02   71  0.99976127E-03
       8  0.99969580E-03   40  0.10000905E-02   72  0.99975986E-03
       9  0.99969166E-03   41  0.10000874E-02   73  0.99975846E-03
      10  0.99968752E-03   42  0.10000842E-02   74  0.99975706E-03
      11  0.99968338E-03   43  0.10000810E-02   75  0.99975566E-03
      12  0.99967925E-03   44  0.10000779E-02   76  0.99975426E-03
      13  0.99967511E-03   45  0.10000747E-02   77  0.99975286E-03
      14  0.99967097E-03   46  0.10000715E-02   78  0.99975146E-03
      15  0.99956832E-03   47  0.10000683E-02   79  0.99975006E-03
      16  0.99956128E-03   48  0.10000652E-02   80  0.99974866E-03
      17  0.99955423E-03   49  0.10000620E-02   81  0.99974726E-03
      18  0.99954719E-03   50  0.10000588E-02   82  0.99974586E-03
      19  0.99954014E-03   51  0.10000556E-02   83  0.99974446E-03
      20  0.99953310E-03   52  0.10000525E-02   84  0.99974306E-03
      21  0.99952606E-03   53  0.99985830E-03   85  0.99974166E-03
      22  0.99951901E-03   54  0.99985648E-03   86  0.99974026E-03
      23  0.99951197E-03   55  0.99985467E-03   87  0.99973886E-03
      24  0.99950492E-03   56  0.99985285E-03   88  0.99973746E-03
      25  0.10001381E-02   57  0.99985103E-03   89  0.99973606E-03
      26  0.10001350E-02   58  0.99984921E-03   90  0.99973465E-03
      27  0.10001318E-02   59  0.99984740E-03   91  0.99961894E-03
      28  0.10001286E-02   60  0.99984558E-03   92  0.99962192E-03
      29  0.10001254E-02   61  0.99984376E-03   93  0.99962489E-03
      30  0.10001223E-02   62  0.99984195E-03   94  0.99962787E-03
      31  0.10001191E-02   63  0.99984013E-03   95  0.99963084E-03
      32  0.10001159E-02   64  0.99983831E-03   


Table 6: Surface pressure offsets (i.e. poff, in dbar) for cruise 
         au1203. For each station, these values are subtracted from the 
         pressure calibration "offset" value in Table 3.

         stn  poff   stn  poff   stn  poff   stn  poff
         ---  ----   ---  ----   ---  ----   ---  ------ 
           1  0.30    26  0.30    51  0.63    76  0.72
           2  0.36    27  0.27    52  0.62    77  0.72
           3  0.23    28  0.30    53  0.62    78  0.72
           4  0.24    29  0.34    54  0.63    79  0.78
           5  0.16    30  0.38    55  0.63    80  0.83
           6  0.19    31  0.46    56  0.63    81  0.76
           7  0.20    32  0.46    57  0.63    82  0.80
           8  0.26    33  0.21    58  0.60    83  0.06
           9  0.50    34  0.17    59  0.64    84  0.84
          10  0.21    35  0.45    60  0.63    85  0.20
          11  0.36    36  0.44    61  0.66    86  0.80
          12  0.17    37  0.46    62  0.66    87  0.81
          13  0.12    38  0.46    63  0.66    88  0.81
          14  0.22    39  0.50    64  0.57    89  0.58
          15  0.10    40  0.58    65  0.62    90  0.75
          16  0.13    41  0.60    66  0.33    91  0.58
          17  0.32    42  0.61    67  0.62    92  0.61
          18  0.18    43  0.60    68  0.72    93  0.71
          19  0.18    44  0.61    69  0.79    94  0.75
          20  0.38    45  0.60    70  0.77    95  0.77
          21  0.27    46  0.59    71  0.77    
          22  0.20    47  0.60    72  0.36    
          23  0.31    48  0.61    73  0.78    
          24  0.27    49  0.64    74  0.81    
          25  0.32    50  0.63    75  0.48    


Table 7: CTD dissolved oxygen calibration coefficients for cruise 
         au1203: slope, bias, tcor ( = temperature correction term), 
         and pcor ( = pressure correction term). dox is equal to 2.8s , 
         for s as defined in the CTD Methodology. For deep stations, 
         coefficients are given for both the shallow and deep part of 
         the profile, according to the profile split used for 
         calibration (see section 5.4 in the text); whole profile fit 
         used for stations shallower than 1400 dbar (i.e. stations with 
         only "shallow" set of coefficients in the table), plus 
         stations 1 and 12.

     ----------------------shallow---------------------    ---------------- ------deep-----------------------
stn    slope      bias       tcor      pcor       dox       slope       bias       tcor      pcor       dox
  1  0.411673  -0.191162  -0.001253  0.000137  0.036439  
  2  0.385816  -0.155410  -0.022114  0.000149  0.036543  
  3  0.412551  -0.187780  -0.006808  0.000132  0.160361  
  4  0.428835  -0.271978  -0.038031  0.000138  0.057750  
  5  0.413831  -0.173752   0.012316  0.000145  0.090548  
  6  0.380910  -0.068995   0.028730  0.000144  0.124522  
  7  0.352552   0.088823   0.083049  0.000128  0.172928  
  8  -  -  -   -  -   
  9  0.412147  -0.197134  -0.003955  0.000160  0.121828  
 10  -  -  -   -  -   
 11  0.386923  -0.135667  -0.009318  0.000129  0.072673    0.303031   0.004349   0.013055  0.000135  0.012641
 12  0.426779  -0.221069   0.003879  0.000149  0.132052  
 13  -  -  -   -  -   
 14  0.410566  -0.181804   0.001779  0.000127  0.148308    0.156610   0.359743  -0.091644  0.000013  0.011265
 15  0.414021  -0.194387  -0.000156  0.000139  0.116212    0.250995   0.168257  -0.102304  0.000049  0.027765
 16  -  -  -   -  -   
 17  0.436968  -0.280211   0.044977  0.000193  0.082736    0.052215   0.537793  -0.100548  0.000020  0.025491
 18  0.429087  -0.251496   0.024297  0.000175  0.118764    0.490394  -0.312745  -0.033139  0.000132  0.023565
 19  -  -  -   -  -   
 20  0.425989  -0.241703   0.018240  0.000167  0.081153    0.391924  -0.144757  -0.010530  0.000123  0.038505
 21  0.429846  -0.268069   0.039348  0.000184  0.081998    0.410149  -0.187140   0.000980  0.000134  0.016167
 22  -  -  -   -  -   
 23  0.424115  -0.232175   0.011999  0.000158  0.088255    0.369101  -0.094243  -0.018456  0.000111  0.013967
 24  0.409350  -0.175515  -0.011772  0.000127  0.078099    0.439713  -0.230266  -0.006791  0.000133  0.015223
 25  0.417562  -0.202614  -0.001226  0.000140  0.065120    0.490998  -0.309231  -0.022595  0.000138  0.024652
 26  -  -  -   -  -   
 27  0.419334  -0.210748   0.003047  0.000145  0.079524    0.411991  -0.186553   0.001146  0.000132  0.027940
 28  0.414608  -0.197841  -0.003254  0.000141  0.054051    0.401106  -0.159089  -0.009889  0.000123  0.017270
 29  0.424450  -0.226509   0.004441  0.000152  0.117172    0.410609  -0.187660   0.003642  0.000133  0.024303
 30  0.422280  -0.220370   0.007549  0.000146  0.099315    0.501214  -0.342837  -0.014795  0.000152  0.020581
 31  0.413274  -0.196081  -0.000835  0.000139  0.035206    0.490297  -0.308644  -0.019062  0.000140  0.025448
 32  0.419066  -0.199123  -0.006398  0.000137  0.054031    0.490057  -0.308990  -0.018301  0.000141  0.022692
 33  0.414828  -0.201669   0.000733  0.000144  0.039965    0.492406  -0.307338  -0.020834  0.000137  0.021183
 34  0.418806  -0.198162  -0.003976  0.000135  0.052063    0.368506  -0.091274  -0.014237  0.000110  0.020654
 35  0.433510  -0.216146  -0.010333  0.000134  0.061109    0.488954  -0.308437  -0.015184  0.000142  0.031668
 36  0.437203  -0.219106  -0.014085  0.000134  0.050755    0.367919  -0.086267  -0.015966  0.000108  0.023364
 37  -  -  -   -  -   
 38  0.412635  -0.194197   0.000048  0.000139  0.037855    0.443323  -0.223516  -0.015073  0.000129  0.021873
 39  0.397061  -0.177971   0.008403  0.000143  0.049863    0.403576  -0.146840  -0.018186  0.000115  0.016690
 40  0.410963  -0.196330   0.002675  0.000144  0.090792    0.399680  -0.144393  -0.013461  0.000116  0.021426
 41  0.402286  -0.186090   0.006096  0.000145  0.116232    0.412777  -0.187644  -0.000226  0.000132  0.022000
 42  0.403423  -0.188567   0.004718  0.000146  0.034039    0.411276  -0.188262   0.000742  0.000134  0.018965
 43  0.422377  -0.197188  -0.005195  0.000128  0.117133    0.412016  -0.188121   0.000940  0.000133  0.020133
 44  0.419711  -0.198530  -0.004173  0.000134  0.101213    0.411570  -0.187961  -0.000504  0.000134  0.019284
 45  0.422205  -0.204182  -0.004154  0.000136  0.073662    0.492755  -0.307334  -0.019345  0.000138  0.020614
 46  0.348771  -0.127901   0.030045  0.000160  0.100331    0.410292  -0.188367   0.000035  0.000135  0.019624
 47  0.394436  -0.181485   0.009042  0.000152  0.076890    0.403422  -0.146911  -0.016778  0.000114  0.027438
 48  0.414404  -0.198562  -0.000420  0.000142  0.051045    0.405092  -0.191979   0.007806  0.000142  0.020622
 49  0.396806  -0.176601   0.003811  0.000145  0.073783    0.411067  -0.190372   0.002383  0.000134  0.022547
 50  0.410459  -0.195783   0.000566  0.000144  0.055649    0.407745  -0.191463   0.004302  0.000138  0.023263
 51  0.402298  -0.176236   0.000593  0.000134  0.117795    0.412656  -0.192680   0.001566  0.000134  0.023593
 52  0.383667  -0.122694   0.001868  0.000100  0.088511    0.375804  -0.080233  -0.021488  0.000099  0.065202
 53  0.404542  -0.183845   0.001759  0.000139  0.050549    0.408631  -0.193359   0.005192  0.000139  0.023026
 54  0.440336  -0.232511  -0.004020  0.000140  0.123565    0.408772  -0.190512   0.003164  0.000137  0.033510
 55  -  -  -   -  -   
 56  -  -  -   -  -   
 57  0.405306  -0.188804   0.001827  0.000141  0.072686    0.409480  -0.191132   0.001818  0.000136  0.052351
 58  0.404484  -0.192848   0.001986  0.000149  0.054889    0.411157  -0.194837   0.004268  0.000136  0.033140
 59  0.407576  -0.182050   0.000980  0.000130  0.085533    0.411326  -0.190704   0.001173  0.000134  0.027215
 60  0.408910  -0.191153   0.001714  0.000140  0.103249    0.415664  -0.158475  -0.017611  0.000113  0.017321
 61  -  -  -   -  -   
 62  -  -  -   -  -   
 63  0.413684  -0.209585   0.001633  0.000156  0.092008    0.406686  -0.104850  -0.035826  0.000093  0.034291
 64  0.412260  -0.198563   0.000584  0.000144  0.055344    0.411693  -0.191953   0.002412  0.000134  0.021946
 65  -  -  -   -  -   
 66  0.414527  -0.199826   0.000423  0.000141  0.059860    0.404915  -0.196854   0.010014  0.000143  0.038173
 67  0.411108  -0.187076   0.000024  0.000131  0.049577    0.414506  -0.193737   0.000562  0.000133  0.030651
 68  0.416600  -0.193565  -0.000318  0.000129  0.085813    0.400446  -0.191410   0.008845  0.000145  0.048327
 69  0.409770  -0.197855   0.001477  0.000146  0.082516    0.412151  -0.191676   0.001154  0.000134  0.030514
 70  0.399942  -0.183504   0.002400  0.000144  0.025610    0.415045  -0.195392   0.001375  0.000134  0.028283
 71  -  -  -   -  -   
 72  0.410248  -0.189282   0.000821  0.000136  0.076219    0.429280  -0.198492  -0.010659  0.000126  0.017787
 73  0.409950  -0.182176   0.000123  0.000127  0.089415    0.444783  -0.218272  -0.008850  0.000125  0.030842
 74  -  -  -   -  -   
 75  0.408694  -0.187417   0.001442  0.000134  0.072840    0.459483  -0.219811  -0.020438  0.000117  0.034207
 76  -  -  -   -  -   
 77  -  -  -   -  -   
 78  0.398712  -0.170410   0.002266  0.000129  0.039386    0.442672  -0.215195  -0.010177  0.000126  0.029130
 79  0.404687  -0.175863   0.000852  0.000130  0.066652    0.415585  -0.155987  -0.016992  0.000112  0.031068
 80  0.410191  -0.188021   0.001297  0.000132  0.100722    0.435394  -0.190916  -0.018465  0.000118  0.018872
 81  0.396724  -0.174721   0.002264  0.000142  0.105500    0.449068  -0.241148   0.000231  0.000135  0.052679
 82  -  -  -   -  -   
 83  0.408062  -0.194302   0.001520  0.000146  0.023855    0.422919  -0.150213  -0.029441  0.000107  0.021668
 84  -  -  -   -  -   
 85  0.397585  -0.170165   0.002401  0.000133  0.033762    0.442044  -0.202811  -0.017963  0.000122  0.022786
 86  0.394150  -0.148397   0.001526  0.000111  0.101393    0.389024  -0.049018  -0.056791  0.000082  0.025091
 87  0.401513  -0.176597   0.001921  0.000137  0.073057    0.428593  -0.159520  -0.032547  0.000109  0.021401
 88  0.408228  -0.182239   0.001138  0.000132  0.045558    0.436812  -0.162829  -0.038550  0.000107  0.035779
 89  0.398644  -0.154059   0.000824  0.000108  0.083568    0.490527  -0.190182  -0.056637  0.000079  0.018975
 90  0.388889  -0.106599   0.000248  0.000051  0.067207    0.407614  -0.186678   0.001447  0.000138  0.035820
 91  0.397875  -0.142061   0.000958  0.000079  0.055809  
 92  0.494181  -0.408477   0.000249  0.000151  0.014889  
 93  0.394631  -0.115603  -0.000059  0.000087  0.016121  
 94  0.202539   0.407378   0.000753  0.000012  0.019730  
 95  0.394753  -0.114023  -0.000337  0.000062  0.018342  


Table 8: Missing data points in 2 dbar-averaged files for cruise au1203.
         "x" indicates missing data for the indicated parameters: 
         T=temperature; S/C=salinity and conductivity; O=oxygen; 
         F=fluorescence downcast; PAR=photosynthetically active 
         radiation downcast; TR=transmittance downcast; F_up=fluorescence 
         upcast; PAR_up=photosynthetically active radiation upcast; 
         TR_up=transmittance upcast. Note: 2 and 4 dbar values not 
         included here - 2 dbar value missing for most casts, 4 dbar
         value missing for many casts.

 stn    pressure (dbar)    T     S/C     O      F     PAR    TR    F_up   PAR_up  TR_up
        where data 
        missing
-----  ----------------  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  ------  -----
 2     266,288,652,654                          x
 2     660                                                           x
 8     6-48                              x
10     6-62                              x
13     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
13     8-62                              x
14     6-12                x      x      x      x       x     x
15     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
16     6-62                              x
19     6-72                              x
22     6-76                              x
23     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
26     6-1100                            x
30     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
33     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
37     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
37     8-1004                            x
38-39  6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
43     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
46     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
50-53  6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
55     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
55     8-16                                                          x       x      x
55     8-900                             x
56     6-18                x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
56     20-26               x      x      x      x       x     x
56     28-902                            x
57     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
61     6-16                x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
61     18                  x      x      x      x       x     x
61     20-902                            x
62     6-16                x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
62     18                  x      x      x      x       x     x
62     20-900                            x
63     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
63     10-40                                                         x       x      x
64     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x                
65     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x                
65     10-4400                           x
66     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
67     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
68     6-12                x      x      x      x       x     x
69     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
71     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
71     8-4706                            x
72     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
73     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
74     6-4776                            x
74     4778                              x                           x       x      x
76     6-18                x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
76     20-902                            x                                          
77     6-16                x      x      x      x       x     x      x       x      x
77     18-20               x      x      x      x       x     x
77     22-900                            x
78     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
82     6-5144                            x                           x       x      x
82     5146-5268                         x                    x      x       x      x
82     5270-5320                         x                    x
83     52-108                            x                   
84     6-5830                            x                   
85     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
86     5482                                                          x       x      x
87     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
88     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
89-90  6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
91     6-10                x      x      x      x       x     x
92     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
93     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x
94     6-8                 x      x      x      x       x     x
95     6                   x      x      x      x       x     x


Table 9: Suspect CTD 2 dbar averages (not deleted from the CTD 2 dbar average 
         files) for the indicated parameters, for cruise au1203.

stn  suspect 2 dbar  parameters                comment
      value (dbar)
---  --------------  ------------------------  ------------------------------
  1      2-200       transmittance (downcast)  values up to 103% (too high)
  6    904-1024      oxygen                    reduced accuracy as no bottom 
                                                 bottle sample
 71      4706        salinity                  possible fouling from bottom 
                                                 contact


Table 10: Bad salinity bottle samples (not deleted from bottle data file) for 
          cruise au1203.

                         station  rosette position
                         -------  ----------------
                            2            9
                            4           16
                            5           16
                           46            2
                           66            3
                           79           10


Table 11: Suspect dissolved oxygen bottle values (not deleted from bottle 
          data file) for cruise au1203.

                         station  rosette position
                         -------  ----------------
                           50          20, 19


Table 12: Scientific personnel (cruise participants) for cruise au1203.

          Graham Campton            RAN Hydrographic Office
          David Sowter              RAN Hydrographic Office
          Ric Frey                  RAN Hydrographic Office
          Anthony Moxham            RAN Hydrographic Office
          John van den Hoff         phytoplankton
          Karen Westwood            phytoplankton
          Alicia Navidad            hydrochemistry
          Sheree Yau                genetics
          Christine Rees            hydrochemistry
          Nick Roden                carbon
          Graham Simpkins           CTD
          Kate Berry                carbon
          Mark Rayner               hydrochemistry
          Brian Hogue               moorings, CTD
          Marvin Alfaro             CTD
          Donna Roberts             RMT
          Deb Bourke                RMT
          Sue Reynolds              hydrochemistry
          Adam Swadling             carbon
          Peter (Elwood) Mantel     electronics, deck support
          Kim Briggs                electronics
          John Raymond              programmer
          Aaron Spurr               gear officer
          Chris Broinowski          gear officer
          Beatriz Pena Molino       CTD
          Laura Herraiz Borreguero  CTD
          David Ellyard             voyage blog
          Craig Neill               carbon
          David Wilkins             genetics
          Tim Williams              genetics
          Peter Schuller            doctor
          Lance Cowled              weather forecaster
          Matthew Longmire          comms
          Robyn Chawner             comms
          Wendy Sharpe              artist
          Mark Rosenberg            CTD, moorings
          Esmee van Wijk            CTD
          Delphine Dissard          RMT
          Kelly Strzepek            RMT, carbon
          Michael Field             electronics
          Elizabeth Shadwick        carbon
          Stephane Thanassekos      carbon
          Jake Vanderjagt           helicopters
          Robert Hoffman            helicopters
          Dave Pullinger            helicopters
          Simon Taylor              helicopters
          Robert Rogel              helicopters
          Mel van Twest             doctor
          Barbara Frankel           deputy voyage leader
          Steve Rintoul             CTD, voyage leader


Table 13: Summary of APEX Argo float and SOLO polar profiling float 
          deployments on cruise au1203.

    hull ID                position                 time         depth
                                                                  (m)
----------------  ---------------------------  ----------------  -----
APEX 5938i        46° 11.81’ S  147° 01.52’ E  0740, 06/01/2012  1813
APEX 5940i        51° 53.80’ S  145° 59.70’ E  1120, 07/01/2012  3923
APEX 4580i        55° 59.85’ S  145° 10.02’ E  0520, 08/01/2012  2892
APEX 5943i        60° 31.46’ S  145° 36.32’ E  0842, 09/01/2012  3955
SOLO 1035/122360  66° 54.75’ S  145° 23.18’ E  2020, 10/01/2012   714
SOLO 1034/78560   67° 02.77’ S  145° 09.96’ E  0740, 11/01/2012  1263
SOLO 1033/75460   66° 45.76’ S  144° 18.00’ E  1252, 11/01/2012   918
APEX 5944i        62° 47.80’ S  113° 17.98’ E  0537, 23/01/2012  3817
APEX 5941i        58° 36.44’ S  114° 58.96’ E  0029, 26/01/2012  4542
APEX 5073A        53° 48.56’ S  115° 01.03’ E  0816, 29/01/2012  4023
APEX 5075A        49° 59.91’ S  115° 02.04’ E  0337, 31/01/2012  3652
APEX 5939i        47° 58.60’ S  115° 00.13’ E  0253, 01/02/2012  3637


Figure 1: CTD station positions and ship's track for cruise au1203.

Figure 2: Conductivity ratio cbtl/ccal versus station number for cruise 
          au1203. The solid line follows the mean of the residuals for each 
          station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the 
          residuals for each station. ccal = calibrated CTD conductivity from 
          the CTD upcast burst data; cbtl = ‘in situ’ Niskin bottle 
          conductivity, found by using CTD pressure and temperature from the 
          CTD upcast burst data in the conversion of Niskin bottle salinity 
          to conductivity.

Figure 3: Salinity residual (sbtl - scal) versus station number for cruise 
          au1203. The solid line is the mean of all the residuals; the broken 
          lines are ± the standard deviation of all the residuals. scal = 
          calibrated CTD salinity; sbtl = Niskin bottle salinity value.

Figure 4: Vertical profiles of salinity residuals (i.e. bottle – CTD 
          salinity) for example stations.

Figure 5: Difference between secondary and primary temperature sensors with 
          (a) pressure, and (b) temperature. Data are from the upcast CTD 
          data bursts at Niskin bottle stops.

Figure 6: Dissolved oxygen residual (obtl - ocal) versus station number for 
          cruise au1203. The solid line follows the mean residual for each 
          station; the broken lines are ± the standard deviation of the 
          residuals for each station. ocal=calibrated downcast CTD dissolved 
          oxygen; obtl=Niskin bottle dissolved oxygen value. Note: values 
          outside vertical axes are plotted on axes limits.

Figure 7: Nitrate+nitrite versus phosphate data for cruise au1203.

Figure 8: au1203 comparison of underway temperature and salinity data to CTD 
          data, with time.

Figure 9a and b: au1203 comparison between (a) CTD and underway temperature 
          data (i.e. hull mounted temperature sensor), and (b) CTD and 
          underway salinity data. Note: dls refers to underway data. Note 
          that due to the large scatter these corrections have not been 
          applied to the underway data.

Figure 10: Bulk plots showing intercruise comparisons of nutrient and oxygen 
           data on neutral density (i.e. _) surfaces for (a) au1203 and 
           au0403, and (b) au1203 and i8si9s. Note that all units are 
           μmol/kg.

Figure 11: Parameter differences with latitude (from comparisons done on 
           neutral density surfaces, not shown here) for au1203 - au0403. 
           Note that all units are μmol/kg.

Figure 12: Parameter differences with latitude (from comparisons done on 
           neutral density surfaces, not shown here) for au1203 – i8si9s. 
           Note that all units are μmol/kg.






CCHDO Data Processing Notes

Date        Data Type           Action           Summary
----------  ------------------  ---------------  -------------------------------------
2013-10-04  BTL/CTD/SUM/CrsRpt  Submitted  to go online
      Mark  Submitted via email to Steve Diggs on 2013-10-04. 
 Rosenberg  I9S TRANSECT & ADELIE LAND, VOYAGE AU1203 (i.e. 09AR1203) CTD and 
            BOTTLE DATA
            -----------------------------------------------------------------
            - data version 6th November 2012, WHPO "exchange" format

            Here's the latest version of the CTD and Niskin bottle data for
            voyage au1203 (i.e. 09AR1203) (I9S transect and Adelie Land 
            (Mertz region)), Aurora Australis Voyage 3 2011/2012, 5th Jan 2012 
            to 12th Feb 2012.

            NOTE: all data here are finalised

            The data originators (ACE CRC, Australia) should be acknowledged 
            in any publication, including internal reports, published reports, 
            journal articles, presentations etc. The following reference can 
            be used for the data: 

            Rosenberg, M. and Rintoul, S. (unpublished) Aurora Australis 
            Marine Science Cruise AU1203
              - oceanographic field measurements and analysis. ACECRC, Hobart, 
                2012 unpublished report 

            The above data report, in the file a1203.pdf, gives important 
            details on data processing and data quality. 

            Please do not distribute these data without this README file. 

            Thanks very much. regards,

                  Mark Rosenberg
                  ACECRC
                  mark.rosenberg@utas.edu.au

            The CTD stations are as follows:
              1 TEST
              2-7 MERTZ REGION
              8-95 I9S TRANSECT

            Data files:
              *.ctd = CTD 2 dbar data
              *.sea = bottle data
              *.sum = station information

2013-10-16  CrsRpt/BTL/CTD/SUM  Website Update   Available under 'Files as received'
     CCHDO  The following files are now available online under 'Files as 
     Staff  received', unprocessed by the CCHDO.
            
              a1203.sea 
              a1203.pdf 
              a1203.sum 
              README_au1203_ctd_exchangeformat 
              CTDs.zip

2013-10-16  CTD                 Website Update   Exchange and netCDF files online
  Carolina 
     Berys  09AR20120105 processing - CTD
            2013-10-16
            C Berys
            Contents
              • Submission
                 ο Parameters
              • Process
                 o Changes
                 o Conversion
              • Directories
              • Updated Files Manifest

            Submission
              filename  submitted by               date        data type  id
              CTDs.zip  C. Berys for M. Rosenberg  2013-10-15  CTD        1088

            Parameters
              • CTDs.zip
              • CTDPRS [1]
              • CTDTMP [1]
              • CTDSAL [1]
              • CTDOXY [1]
              • CTD_FLUORO [1]
              • CTD_PAR [1]
              • CTD_TRANS [1]
              • CTD_FLUOROUPCAST [1]
              • CTD_PARUPCAST [1]
              • CTD_TRANSUPCAST [1]
              [1]  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) parameter has quality flag column

            Process

            Changes
              CTDs.zip
                • files renamed
                • quality flag column names changed to match parameter names

            Conversion
              file                     converted from        software
              09AR20120105_nc_hyd.zip  09AR20120105_hy1.csv  hydro 0.8.0-50-g4bae068
              All converted files opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

            Directories
              working directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/original/2013.10.16_CTD_CBG
              cruise directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105

            Updated Files Manifest
              • 09AR20120105_nc_ctd.zip
              • 09AR20120105_ct1.zip

2013-10-25  maps                Website Update   Map created 
       Rox  09AR20120105 processing - Maps
       Lee  2013-10-19
            R Lee

            Contents
              • Process
                 o Changes
                 o Merge
              • Directories
              • Updated Files Manifest

            Process

            Changes
              • Maps created from 09AR20120105_ct1.zip

            Merge

            Directories
              working directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/original/2013.10.25_maps_RJL
              cruise directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105

            Updated Files Manifest
              • 09AR20120105_trk.jpg
              • 09AR20120105_trk.gif
            
2013-10-28  BTL  Submitted  update/qc to go online
       Bob  I started with the files you posted on the 15th. This file produced after re-format 
       Key  and a bit of QC. Be sure to check the header on this one (see message to Carolina on 
            10/17.  

            Also note that this cruise is not linked to the other I09S cruises

2013-11-07  BTL                 Website Update   Available under 'Files as received'
     CCHDO  The following files are now available online under 'Files as received', unprocessed 
     Staff  by the CCHDO.  09AR20120105.exc.csv

2013-11-07  CrsRpt              Website Update   New PDF file online
     Jerry  I've placed a new PDF version of the cruise report: 09AR20120105_do.pdf into the 
     Kappa  directory: http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/ .  
            It includes all the reports provided by the cruise PIs, summary pages and CCHDO 
            data processing notes, as well as a linked Table of Contents and links to figures, 
            tables and appendices.

2014-03-06  BTL                 Website Update   Exchange and netCDF files online
       Rox  09AR20120105 processing - BTL
       Lee  2014-02-13
            R Lee

            Contents
              • Submission
                 o Parameters

              • Process
                 o Changes
                 o Conversion
              • Directories
              • Updated Files Manifest

            Submission
              filename              submitted by   date       data type  id
              09AR20120105.exc.csv  Robert M. Key  2013-10-28  BTL       1090

            Parameters
              09AR20120105.exc.csv
              • CTDPRS
              • CTDTMP
              • CTDSAL [1]
              • SALNTY [1]
              • CTDOXY [1]
              • OXYGEN [1]
              • SILCAT [1]
              • NITRAT [1]
              • PHSPHT [1]
              • XMISS [1] [3]
              • FLUORO [1] [3]
              • PAR [1] [3]
                [1]  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) parameter has quality flag column
                [3]  (1, 2, 3) not in WOCE bottle file

            Process
              Changes
              Conversion
                file                     converted from        software
                09AR20120105_nc_hyd.zip  09AR20120105_hy1.csv  hydro 0.8.0-103-gb6d1e19
              All converted files opened in JOA with no apparent problems.

            Directories
              working directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/original/2014.03.06_BTL_RJL
            cruise directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105

            Updated Files Manifest
              file                     stamp
              09AR20120105_nc_hyd.zip  20131017PRINUNIVRMK
              09AR20120105_hy1.csv     20131017PRINUNIVRMK
            
2014-03-07  BTL                 Website Update   Exchange and netCDF files online
       Rox  09AR20120105 processing - BTL
       Lee  2014-02-13
            R Lee

            Contents
              • Submission
                 o Parameters
              • Process
            Changes

            Submission
              filename              submitted by   date        data type  id
              09AR20120105.exc.csv  Robert M. Key  2013-10-28  BTL        1090

            Parameters
              09AR20120105.exc.csv
              • CTDPRS
              • CTDTMP
              • CTDSAL [1]
              • SALNTY [1]
              • CTDOXY [1]
              • OXYGEN [1]
              • SILCAT [1]
              • NITRAT [1]
              • PHSPHT [1]
              • XMISS [1] [3]
              • FLUORO [1] [3]
              • PAR [1] [3]
                [1]  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) parameter has quality flag column
                [3]  (1, 2, 3) not in WOCE bottle file

            Process

            Changes
            
            
2014-08-20  SUM                 Website Update   SUM file online
    Geetha  I09S 2012 09AR20120105 processing - SUM
    Ratnam  2014-08-20
            G Ratnam

            Contents
              • Submission
              • Process
                 o Changes
              • Directories
              • Updated Files Manifest

            Submission
              filename   submitted by                       date        data type  id
              a1203.sum  Carolina Berys for Mark Rosenberg  2013-10-15  SUM        1088

            Process
              Changes
                a1203.sum
                  • Changed expocode from 09AR1203/1 to 09AR20120105.

            Directories
              working directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/original/2014.08.20_SUM_GR
              cruise directory:
                /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105

            Updated Files Manifest
              file                stamp
              09AR20120105su.txt  
            
2014-08-21  SUM                 Website Update   Fixed SUM file margin
    Geetha  I09S 2012 09AR20120105 processing - SUM
    Ratnam  2014-08-21
            G Ratnam

            Contents
              • Process
                 o Changes
                 o Merge
              • Directories
              • Updated Files Manifest

            Process
              Changes
                -Fixed margins for SUM file. .. _merge:

            Merge
              Directories
                working directory:
                  /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105/original/2014.08.21_SUM_GR
              cruise directory:
                  /data/co2clivar/indian/i09/i09s_09AR20120105

            Updated Files Manifest
              file                stamp
              09AR20120105su.txt  
            
2015-03-17  CrsRpt              Website Update   New Text version online
     Jerry  I've posted a new text version of the cruise report to the CCHDO website.  It
     Kappa  includes all the reports provided by cruise Pis, tables, figure legends (see the
            PDF version for figures) and these data processing notes.




