preliminary data report
May 10, 1995
A.	Cruise Narrative
A.1	Highlights

A.1.a	WOCE designation	PR03N
A.1.b	EXPOCODE		49KF9110_1

A.1.c 	Chief Scientist		Tsutomu Tohmine
				Hakodate Marine Observatory(HMO)
A.1.d  	Ship			R/V Kofu Maru

A.1.e  	Port of call		None

A.1.f  	Cruise Date		October 12 to October 22, 1991

A.2	Cruise Summary

A.2.a	Geographic boundaries
A.2.b	Total number of stations occupied
A.2.c	Floats and drifters deployed
A.2.d	Moorings deployed or recovered

A.3	List of Prinicipal Investigators

        Table 1. Principal Investigators for All Measurements
        -----------------------------------------------------
            Name        Responsibility       Affiliation
        -----------------------------------------------------
           T. Tohmine   CTD,S                   HMO
           N. Kubo      Oxygen,Nutrients        HMO
	-----------------------------------------------------

A.4	Scientific Programme and Methods

Observations of PR03N ( North of 34N of the section PR03 ) were carried on
the R/V Kofu Maru Cruise in the KO9110.  The ship sailed from Kushiro at 0130
UTC on 12 October 1991.  At 0321 UTC on 15 October, we arrived at the
northernmost station along the section PR03N and started observation. 
The performances of the CTD, the multisampler and other instruments were 
good throughout the cruise.  The observation of PR03N was completed 0941 UTC 
on 18 October.

A.5	Major Problems and Goals Not Achieved
A.6	Other Incidents of Note

A.7	List of Cruise Participants


            Table 2.  Cruise Participants
	  -----------------------------------------------
            Name        Responsibility       Affiliation
	  -----------------------------------------------
          T. Tohmine    Chief Scientist         HMO
                        S, CTD Hardware
          K. Kubo       Oxygen,Nutrients        HMO
          M. Fujimura   CTD Software            HMO
                        CTD hardware
          Y. Shinohara  Watch Stander           HMO
          H. Naitoh     Watch Stander           HMO
          Y. Kan-no     Watch Stander           HMO
          K. Hayashi    Oxygen,Nutrients        HMO
          S. Murakami   Oxygen,Nutrients        HMO
          T. Nakamura   Maritime Meteorology    HMO
	-------------------------------------------------

B.	Underway Measurements
B.1	Navigation and bathymetry
B.2	Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
B.3	Thermosalinograph and underway dissolved oxygen, fluorometer,etc
B.4	XBT and XCTD
B.5	Meteorological observations
B.6	Atmospheric chemistry

C.	Hydrographic Measurements

CTD

The Neil Brown Mark III B CTD (6000dbar sensor without oxygen sensor)
mounted in the frame with the 12 x 1.7 litter General Oceanics rosette
multisampler was used all of the vertical CTD work.

In general at the CTD stations the package was lowered to the depth of 90
percents of the bottom depth and max 4000 or 2000 dbar, because of avoiding
the obstructions near the bottom such as fishing nets and of the time limit of
the cruise.

A Hewlett Packard HP9000-330 with a 4 MByteof memory was used as a primary
data collection device.  Though the original sampling rate is 31.25 samples per
second, our data collection system can get around 25 samples per second and
compress the collected data to one sixth by software due to the limitation of
the memory.  The periods of a collected datum and the next one are not fixed.

All of the processed data on CTD data in our observatory were based on the
compressed data described above.  The collected compressed data were stored
onto the 9-track magnetic tape.

The results of the laboratory calibration for the temperature and pressure
are shown in Table 3.  We adopted the pre-cruise calibration factors for the
temperature.  The pressure calibration factors, however, were not used because
the calibration methods for pressure were not decided.


        Table 3. CTD Calibration Constants at Laboratory
	------------------------------------------------
          Temperature; linear fit
      ---------------------------------------------------------------	
     	               Time                    Bias           Slope
      Pre -Cruise ( 8 June 1991)    -0.0040492       0.9999990
      Post-Cruise (16 Jan. 1992)    -0.0018410       0.9998945

          Pressure increasing; linear fit

               Time                    Bias           Slope
      Pre -Cruise ( 8 June 1991)       0.3254         1.000976
      Post-Cruise (16 Jan. 1992)      -3.6908         1.000782
      -----------------------------------------------------------------	

The conductivity scaling factor given in Table 4 is derived from a linear fit
through zero point between CTD data and water sample data.  Using this factor
all the data were processed for the final data set.  The salinity determination
of the water samples was with the Guildline AUTOSAL 8400A.  Standard seawater
from the batch of P114 was used to standardize the AUTOSAL.


           Table 4. The Conductivity scaling factor
	-------------------------------------------
           station No.        Bias         Slope
        KO6008 - KO6026        --         1.00025
	-------------------------------------------

Oxygen

The amount of dissolved oxygen was determined by the manual Winkler method
shown in "Kaiyou KansokuShishin (Manual of Oceanographical Observation)"
published by the Japan Meteorological Agency (1970).  The reagent blank was not
subtracted.  Precision and accuracy have not been estimated.

Nutrients

The concentration of the nutrients -- phosphate, nitrate and nitrite was
determined by the Technicon Auto Analyzer II showed in "Kaiyou Kansoku Shishin
(Manual of Oceanographical Observation)".  Precision and accuracy have not been
estimated.

Sampling for dissolved oxygen and following one for nutrients were done 5-10
minutes after the casts were on deck.  Samplesweredrawn into 100 cm3 glass
bottles with narrow mouth glass cap.  Then they were immediately introduced
into the Auto Analyzer II sampler by pouring into 4 cm3 polystylen cups
arranged on the AA-II sampler tray.  Analyses were begun within 30 to 40
minutes after sampling water and completed within additional two hours.


Notes for the --.SUM, --.SEA and --.CTD files

The first 2 characters of the file name of --.SUM, --.SEA and --.CTD files are
KO for R/V KOfu maru.  These characters are followed by the last two digits of
the year and the month for the --.SUM and --.SEA files. For the --.CTD files
the character KO are followed by the unique station number given by the Japan
Meteorological Agency.


 --.SUM

Header records identifing the columns are added at the first three records
of --.SUM file.

Since the time of the bottom (BO), the position and the water depth at the
bottom (BO) were not recorded , we leave the column of them blank.

Since the acoustic pinger was not available, we leave blank on the column of
HEIGHT ABOVE BOTTOM.

Since the surface water samplings were carried out by a polyethylene bucket,
we write "BOT" on the column of CAST TYPE.


 --.SEA

Since the surface water samples were collected by a polyethylene bucket, we
write "0" on the column of the bottle number (BTLNBR) at the surface.

We would use the unit "umol/l" for disribe the consentration of didolved
oxygen, nitride and phosphade in our routine analysis.  Now we must seek the
density of samples and convert the unit into "umol/kg".  It is need the sample
temperature to calculate the its density.  Since we did not measure the
temperature of the samples, the appropriate temperature were assumed and then
density were calculated.

For dissolved oxygen, we divided the value in umol/l by the in-situ potential
density calculated from CTD temperature,CTD pressure and CTD salinity.
We calculate the sample density at the time of anlysis form CTD salinity and
asumumed temperature of laboratory (20þC) and that of anlyzer-heatbath(40þC)
to convert the unit for nitride and phosphade respectively.

The unevenness of the density between each samples were so small.
The converted values are in good agreement with the value introduced from a
unique density ,e.g. 1.025kg/l, within the extent of the measurement errors.


 --.CTD

Though original transmission rate is 31.25 data per second, the collecting
rate is only 4 or 5 data per second on our system.  But the period of a
collected datum and the next one is not fixed.  Then we leave the column for
SAMPLING RATE blank.

D.	Acknowledgements

E.	References

Japan Meteorological Agency, 1970. Kaiyo kansoku shishin (Manual of
Oceanograohic Observation). (in Japanese)


Unesco, 1983. International Oceanographic tables. Unesco Technical Papers in 
Marine Science, No. 44.

Unesco, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data, 1991. By JPOTS
editorial panel.

F.	WHPO Summary


Several data files are associated with this report.  They are the kf9110.sum, 
kf9110.hyd, kf9110.csl and *.wct files.  The kf9110.sum file contains a 
summary of the location, time, type of parameters sampled, and other pertient
information regarding each hydrographic station.  The kf9110.hyd file contains 
the bottle data. The *.wct files are the ctd data for each station.  The *.wct 
files are zipped into one file called kf9110.wct.zip. The kf9110.csl file is 
a listing of ctd and calculated values at standard levels.

The following is a description of how the standard levels and
calculated values were derived for the kf9110.csl file:

Salinity, Temperature and Pressure:  These three values were smoothed from
the individual CTD files over the N uniformly increasing pressure levels.
using the following binomial filter-

	t(j) = 0.25ti(j-1) + 0.5ti(j) + 0.25ti(j+1) j=2....N-1

When a pressure level is represented in the *.csl file that is not
contained within the ctd values, the value was linearly interpolated
to the desired level after applying the binomial filtering.   

Sigma-theta(SIG-TH:KG/M3), Sigma-2 (SIG-2: KG/M3), and Sigma-4(SIG-4:
KG/M3): These values are calculated using the practical salinity scale
(PSS-78) and the international equation of state for seawater (EOS-80)
as described in the Unesco publication 44 at reference pressures of the
surface for SIG-TH; 2000 dbars for Sigma-2; and 4000 dbars for Sigma-4.

Gradient Potential Temperature (GRD-PT: C/DB 10-3) is calculated as the
least squares slope between two levels, where the standard level is the
center of the interval.  The interval being the smallest of the two
differences between the standard level and the two closest values.
The slope is first determined using CTD temperature and then the
adiabatic lapse rate is subtracted to obtain the gradient potential
temperature.  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Gradient Salinity (GRD-S: 1/DB 10-3) is calculated as the least squares
slope between two levels, where the standard level is the center of the
standard level and the two closes values.  Equations and Fortran
routines are described in Unesco publication 44.

Potential Vorticity (POT-V: 1/ms 10-11) is calculated as the vertical
component ignoring contributions due to relative vorticity, i.e.
pv=fN2/g, where f is the coriolius parameter, N is the bouyancy
frequency (data expressed as radius/sec), and g is the local
acceleration of gravity. 

Bouyancy Frequency (B-V: cph) is calculated using the adiabatic
leveling method, Fofonoff (1985) and Millard, Owens and Fofonoff
(1990).  Equations and Fortran routines are described in Unesco
publication 44.

Potential Energy (PE: J/M2: 10-5) and Dynamic Height (DYN-HT: M) are
calculated by integrating from 0 to the level of interest.  Equations and 
Fortran routines are described in Unesco publication, Processing of 
Oceanographic station data.

Neutral Density (GAMMA-N: KG/M3) is calculated with the program GAMMA-N
(Jackett and McDougall) version 1.3 Nov. 94.  

