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CRUISE REPORT: PR11 and PR13N



HIGHLIGHTS


                           Cruise Summary Information

         WOCE section designation  PR11,                      PR13N
Expedition designation (EXPOCODE)  09FA290_2                  09FA290_1
                 Chief Scientists  John A. Church/CSIRO       Andrew Forbes
                            Dates  1990 FEB 26 - 1990 APR 07
                        Ship name  R/V Franklin
                    Ports of call  Hobart, Brisbane, Newcastle
               Number of stations  306

                                                 25° 0.01’ S
Geographic boundaries of stations  148° 3.86’ E               172° 54.61’ E
                                                43° 54.04’ S

     Floats and drifters deployed  0
   Moorings deployed or recovered  0

                              Contact Information

                                 John A. Church
          Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
                       Environment Strategies Directorate
                   Department of Environment, Sport and Territories
       GPO Box 787 • Castray Esplanade • Canberra, ACT • 2601 • AUSTRALIA
     Tel: 61-06-274-1461 (switchboard 61-06-274-1111) • Fax: 61-06-274-1439
                     Email: jchurch@mgdestmx01.erin.gov.au

                                 Andrew Forbes
               CSIRO Division of Oceanography Marine Laboratories
    G.P.O. Box 1538 • Castray Esplanade • Hobart, Tasmania • 7001 • AUSTRALIA
                      Tel: 61-02-206222 • Fax: 61-02-240530






Scientific Objectives

a To estimate the volume transport (and its time variability) of the 
  EAC along the east Australian coast and in the Tasman Front using CTD, ADCP 
  and current meter moorings.  

b To determine the large-scale general circulation of the Tasman Sea
  using patterns of tracers (temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients) and 
  of density to estimate geostrophic circulation.  

c To determine temporal changes in surface pressure gradient between 
  two pints on the Lord Howe Rise, one at 28 S and the other at 38 S using two 
  independent methods (steric height estimate and GEOSAT altimetry).  


Cruise Narrative

The first CTD station was commenced at 1730 and then we proceeded east along 
43° 15'S (WOCE section PR13N).  

Duplicate samples were taken at depth to test for bottle leaks and two nutrient 
samples were taken from each bottle (one filtered and one unfiltered) to try 
and determine the cause of the variability in the nutrient concentrations 
observed on Fr10/89. Some samples were also analyzed without freezing. 

The CTD wire snagged on a protruding screw at 4,800m on one station and a 
single strand was broken.  After this, 3 CTD stations were not taken right to 
the bottom.  The 43° 15'S section was completed on Monday, 
March 5.

The section north from Cape Reinga was commenced on March 8. This section was 
finished and the 28° 15'S section commenced on Sunday, March 11. This section 
was finished at Evans Head on Sunday, March 18 and then we steamed to Brisbane. 
These two sections are WOCE section PR11.  

Mostly good weather was experienced during this leg except about a day was lost 
because of bad weather associated with ex-cyclone Hilda.  

Franklin left Brisbane at 0910 and after letting off the pilot steamed south to 
the first mooring.  A southerly wind slowed our progress but overnight the wind 
eased and the swell moderated. The first mooring was on deck at 1100 March 21.  
The top current meter was full of water and there was a G-clamp missing.  The 
second mooring was on deck by l530 and the third 1930.  We then steamed west to 
the coast doing an ADCP section overnight before starting mooring work again 
tomorrow morning.  

On Thursday morning, March 22, mooring recoveries went well.  The spindle on 
the top current meter on the 500 m mooring was broken so we lost that current 
meter and the near-surface flotation. The 40 m isobath mooring was north of its 
correct position but was recovered.  The 60 m isobath mooring was not 
responding. A fisherman suggested he had caught it and dragged it 3 miles 
south. We then instigated a search pattern to be completed during the night.  
The overnight search for the missing mooring was not successful so we went back 
to where the fisherman thought it was and fired the release.  We then searched 
unsuccessfully for l.5 hours and we were on the way back to the mooring site to 
try firing it again when the mooring was spotted on the surface and was 
recovered by 0830.  It must have been in the position where it was originally 
deployed.  

We then steamed north to Fraser Island and started the CTD section toward the 
southeast. A strong southeasterly meant that in between stations we were 
steaming at between 4 and 8 knots for several days. During this time we 
rearranged some of the locations of the CTD stations to try and save time. 
Eventually on March 28 the wind decreased and for the remainder of the cruise 
we had good weather.  

The first dynamic height mooring was recovered on the morning of March 29.  We 
then continued south completing CTD stations.  The second dynamic height 
mooring was recovered on April l.  We then completed the few remaining stations 
on the Lord Howe Rise section before starting the final CTD section westward 
towards Newcastle.  On the first station of this section we had problems with 
the CTD wire spooling.  Because of the time lost in the early part of the 
cruise, this section was done along 36 S to 157 E and thence to Newcastle, with 
coarser sampling than originally planned. We completed this section on 
Saturday 7 and then steamed to Newcastle. 
 

The most serious problem experienced on cruise Fr10/89 was the variability of 
the deep nutrient data.  During Fr2/90, duplicate and triplicate samples were 
taken and 2 bottles were fired at a number of depths but no anomalies were 
found.  The possibility that the tubes for the nutrient samples were overfilled 
was then tested.  All tubes that were purposely overfilled produced anomalous 
values.  No difference was found between frozen and unfrozen (i.e. analyzed 
fresh) samples.  The nutrient data all appear to be of high quality.  

Results

A total of l43 CTD stations were completed during Fr 2/90 and l63 during Fr 
l0/89. Not all of the CTDs were top the bottom because of the damage to the 
wire at 4750 m. A total of l54 XBTs were dropped. The ADCP operated 
continuously and appeared to give excellent results. 

Some of the uncalibrated CTD data as well as the nutrient and ADCP data were 
plotted during the cruise.  At 28 S, the CTD/ADCP section indicated a strong 
southward flow of the East Australian Current (EAC).  As on Fr10/89, some of 
this flow appeared to return northward further offshore.  An eastward flow was 
seen on the section north of New Zealand and on the section along the Lord Howe 
Rise.  

On the 43 S section, there was some indication of southward flow, or at least a 
southward meander, of the East Australian Current. The signature of the 
different deep basins (the Tasman Sea, the New Caledonia Basin and the Fiji 
Basin) is clearly evident in the deep O/S (and O/O2) data.  

As on Fr l0/89, the Antarctic Intermediate Water had a considerable variability 
(and indicated interleaving of different salinity water).  



CTD Measurements

The CTD used throughout this RV Franklin cruise Fr 2/90 was CSIRO CTD No.1 (A 
Neil Brown Instrument Systems MkIII B profiler. 

Salinity Measurements

The water samples salinities were measured with a YeoKal Model 601MkIII 
Inductive Salinometer that was standardized daily with IAPSO Standard Sea 
Water.  

Oxygen Measurements

The method used is a modified Winkler titration.  All oxygen values (bottle and 
CTD) are converted from µmol/1 to /kg using the salinity and in-situ 
temperature at the time the Niskin bottle was closed.  

Nutrient Analyses

Samples are collected in 15 polypropylene tubes and frozen for up to one week 
before analysis using a Technicon AA2 system.  


Table: Cruise Participants

Leg 1

               Name             Responsibility       Affiliation
               ---------------------------------------------------------
               Andrew Forbes    Chief Scientist      CSIRO DO
               Dave Vaudrey     CTD/Hydrology        CSIRO DO
               Tony Worby       XBTs                 CSIRO DO
               Ken Suber        Computing            CSIRO DO
               Ron Plaschke     Nutrients/Salts/DOs  CSIRO DO
               Gary Critchley   Nutrients/Salts/DOs  CSIRO DO
               Erik Madsen      Electronics          CSIRO DO
               Rosemary Morrow  Watch Stander        OSI, Uni Sydney
               John Luick       Watch Stander        OSI, Uni Sydney

Leg 2

               Name              Responsibility       Affiliation
               ----------------------------------------------------------
               John Church       Chief Scientist      CSIRO DO
               Neil White        Computing/CTD        CSIRO DO
               Dave Edwards      Electronics          CSIRO DO
               Ron Plaschke      Nutrients/Salts/DOs  CSIRO DO
               Val Latham        Nutrients/Salts/DOs  CSIRO DO
               Fred Boland       Moorings/CTD Watch   CSIRO DO
               Kevin Miller      Moorings/CTD Watch   CSIRO DO
               Bob Edwards       Watch Stander        CSIRO DO
               Caroline Langley  Watch Stander        CSIRO DO
               Xu Peng           Watch Stander        OSI, Uni Sydney
               Kat Warmus        Watch Stander        OSI, Uni Sydney


References

Owens, W. Brechner and Robert C. Millard, Jr. "A New Algorithm for CTD Oxygen
    Calibration" Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15, 621-631. l985.



WHPO DATA PROCESSING NOTES

PR13N

Date      Contact     Data Type     Data Status      Summary  
--------  ----------  ------------  ---------------  ----------------------
05/08/00  Forbes      BTL           Data are Public  See note:  
          You have my permission to make my WOCE data specified below publicly 
          available.
            PR13    09FA290_1       BTL
          
06/28/00  Buck        BTL/SUM       Data Update      See Note:  
          I changed the sum and bot files to reflect that leg 1 corresponds to 
          line PR13 and that leg 2 corresponds to line PR11.
          
12/11/00  Uribe       DOC           Submitted        2000.12.11 KJU
          File contained here is a CRUISE SUMMARY and NOT sumfile. 
          Documentation is online.

          2000.10.11 KJU
          Files were found in incoming directory under whp_reports. This    
          directory was zipped, files were separated and placed under proper 
          cruise. All of them are sum files.
          Received 1997 August 15th.

05/30/02  Uribe       CTD           Website Updated  CSV File Added  
          CTD was converted to exchange and put online.  Inventory file and 
          netcdf code were run. Data in pr11_b directory.
          
          
PR11

Date      Contact     Data Type     Data Status      Summary  
--------  ----------  ------------  ---------------  ----------------------
06/28/00  Bartolacci  BTL/SUM       Website Update   Data Online
          I changed the sum and bot files to reflect that leg 1 corresponds to 
          line PR13 and that leg 2 corresponds to line PR11.

07/19/02  Uribe       CTD           Website Update   Errors in CTD corrected 
          Some CTD files had the wrong leg in the expocode. They were matched 
          with the sumfile. Changes online.

07/30/02  Uribe       BTL/SUM       Website Update   BTL converted to exchange 
          Sumfile was reformatted. Columns were aligned.

          EVENT CODE, NAV and UNC DEPTH were added in the header. The 
          appropriate values for unknown data were filled in for the file to 
          contain the necessary elements in the header.

          Bottle was converted to exchange and put online. NetCDF files were 
          made accordingly.

09/11/02  Uribe       CTD           Website Update   Exchange, netcdf corrected 
          CTD exchange files contained an error caused an unattended error in 
          the sumfile. The files were remade along with the netcdf files. The 
          new files were plotted and the latitude and longitude values are now 
          accurate.
